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Autism spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>) and psychiatric conditions are often associated with the syndromes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009381) of school\u2010aged children with one of the four syndromes in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> and Ireland were asked whether their child had been professionally diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> or a mental health condition. Parents were also asked whether their child had been prescribed medication for behavioural or psychiatric reasons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest level of reported diagnoses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> was in fragile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome. In all syndrome groups, lower rates of diagnosis were reported in comparison to previously published research. Prescribing of medication for behavioural\/psychiatric reasons was highest in fragile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome although the highest usage of melatonin was in Williams syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reasons for a lower recognition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> and mental health conditions in clinical practice compared with research studies may include \u2018diagnostic overshadowing\u2019 due to presence of intellectual disability and a genetic syndrome. However, there may also be a lack of belief in the utility of such diagnoses in neurogenetic syndromes among relevant professionals and\/or lack of access to professionals with sufficient expertise in the recognition of such diagnoses in those with neurogenetic syndromes. The low rates of prescribing of medication for behavioural\/psychiatric reasons may reflect the low level of clinical diagnoses or lack of belief in the utility of psychopharmacology in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,26]],"date-time":"2014-06-26T00:41:39Z","timestamp":1403743299000},"page":"307-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["<scp>ASD<\/scp>, <scp>ADHD<\/scp>, mental health conditions and psychopharmacology in neurogenetic syndromes: parent survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Young Epilepsy Research Department  Lingfield UK"},{"name":"School of Education University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001113)95:2<150::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318236c0e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.5.744","article-title":"Specification of the neurobehavioral phenotype in males with fragile X syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Baumgardner T. 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