{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:45:22Z","timestamp":1760204722042},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]],"date-time":"2014-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with fragile\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome exhibit developmental delay, hyperexcitation and social anxiety; they also show lack of attention and hyperactivity. Few studies have investigated whether levels of functioning change with increasing age. Here, we explored developmental changes across adolescence in the cognitive and behavioural profile of individuals with fragile\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome. To this scope, we assessed intellectual functioning, adaptive behaviour, autistic symptomatology, behavioural problems (e.g. hyperactivity\/lack of attention) and strengths (prosocial behaviours).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six participants underwent standardised outcome measures (i.e. the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>echsler <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ntelligence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cales\u2010Revised, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hildhood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>utism <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cale, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>ineland <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>daptive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ehavior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cales, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>trengths and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ifficulty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Q<\/jats:styled-content>uestionnaire) in three time points (Time 1: 9\u201311; Time 2: 11\u201313, and Time 3: 13\u201315 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Verbal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> improved across time, whereas Nonverbal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> declined and Full Scale <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content> was quite unchanged. Autism ratings decreased; communication and social aspects of adaptive behaviour also enhanced. Finally, elevated levels of hyperactivity\/lack of attention at Time 1 significantly improved across the three time points, whereas emotional symptoms, behavioural difficulties, problems with peers and prosocial behaviours remained stable over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings revealed specific developmental changes in cognitive and behavioural functioning of individuals with fragile\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome, likely related to a progressive maturation of brain systems devoted to attentional control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]],"date-time":"2014-08-27T09:42:27Z","timestamp":1409132547000},"page":"613-621","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Developmental changes in cognitive and behavioural functioning of adolescents with fragile\u2010<scp>X<\/scp> syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Frolli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Second University of Naples  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Piscopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Evolution Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Conson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Second University of Naples  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-117.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412001113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Advances in Fragile X Research","author":"Cornish K. M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.20003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70497-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157339607779941660"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.3\/edennis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990402)83:4<257::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014888505185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31915"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment and Research","author":"Hagerman R. J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320300138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2003)108<373:ABICWF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000222787.57100.d8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"OrsiniA.(1993)WISC\u2010R. Contributo alla taratura italiana. O.S. Organizzazioni Speciali Firenze Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) for Diagnostic Screening and Classification in Autism","author":"Schopler E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707741104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"SparrowS. S. BallaD. A.&CicchettiD. V.(1984)Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. American Guidance Service Circle Pines MN."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280504400501"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12165","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.12165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T10:08:18Z","timestamp":1696500498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.12165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.12165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.12165","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}