{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T02:12:16Z","timestamp":1770775936445,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a lack of consensus regarding prevalence rates of substance abuse, people with intellectual disabilities (ID) on average use substances slightly less often than their non\u2010disabled peers. However, their use of substances is more often problematic. Avoidance of treatment is a crucial problem among substance\u2010abusing people with ID. This study tested a motivational intervention to facilitate autonomous motivation (i.e. wanting to change substance abuse because of a sense of free choice and volition) for engaging with a subsequent addiction treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multiple\u2010case experimental design (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) was conducted to measure day\u2010to\u2010day motivation to change substance abuse among individuals with mild ID (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) and borderline level of intellectual functioning (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) in the Netherlands. The participants (five men, one woman) lived in the community (except one, he lived in a residential facility) and abused cannabis, alcohol or hashish. During the intervention phase, the 10\u2010session treatment programme \u2018Beat the kick\u2019 was delivered by an experienced psychologist, based on motivational interviewing techniques adapted for people with mild to borderline ID. Participants completed an adaptive self\u2010reported inventory based on self\u2010determination theory (SDT) two to three times a week during baseline, intervention and 1\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of five of the six participants (one dropped out) showed that the type of motivation changed from more controlled types of motivation (i.e. external motivation and introjected motivation) at baseline to more autonomous types of motivation after completion of the intervention. In addition, the participants reported a significant increase in overall need satisfaction and autonomy satisfaction and a significant decrease of overall need frustration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implementation of SDT and motivational interviewing principles in the treatment programme \u2018Beat the kick\u2019 reliably changed the type of motivation. In addition, the experimental effects provide initial proof of the use and applicability of SDT among people with ID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T07:49:36Z","timestamp":1442303376000},"page":"1168-1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pretreatment for substance\u2010abusing people with intellectual disabilities: intervening on autonomous motivation for treatment entry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Frielink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Tilburg University  The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dichterbij Innovation and Science  Gennep The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schuengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research VU University  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kroon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dichterbij Innovation and Science  Gennep The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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