{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T18:31:12Z","timestamp":1763663472963},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anecdotal and caregiver reports often highlight the sociability and empathy of children with Williams syndrome (WS), a genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a distinctive, cognitive and social phenotype. Despite these characteristics, people with WS have many difficulties navigating the social world. In this study, we investigated whether the heightened social motivation and empathy demonstrated by children with WS lead to prosocial behaviours such as instrumental helping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared 2;8 to 5;8 year olds with WS to an age\u2010matched and developmental quotient\u2010matched group of children with Down syndrome (DS) and an age\u2010matched group of typically developing children, in their responses to semi\u2010structured naturalistic situations designed to elicit empathic and helping behaviours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with WS showed more empathic concern than both comparison groups towards a person in distress but did not differ from controls in their level of helping behaviour. Children in both the WS and DS groups consistently received higher ratings on empathy than on helpfulness, in contrast to the balanced profile shown by the typically developing children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest that the heightened emotional responsivity displayed by children with WS or DS does not readily translate into other forms of socially competent behaviour.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The complex relations between empathy and prosocial behaviours in typical and atypical development are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]],"date-time":"2016-06-08T06:26:22Z","timestamp":1465367182000},"page":"1010-1019","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Empathic responsiveness and helping behaviours in young children with Williams syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Plesa Skwerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tager\u2010Flusberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2009.01215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129684"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Empathy: A Social Psychological Approach","author":"Davis M. H.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20416"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"522","article-title":"Measuring behavioural phenotypes: provocations from the \u201cnew genetics\u201d","volume":"99","author":"Dykens E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reprints.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00991640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/perspectives.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001163-200504000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2007)112[194:ERIYCW]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IYC.0000324550.39446.1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320530406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.27.2.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.18.120184.000441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2001)106<0253:TRSBIC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN231&2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00796.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.2000.1232"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"Mullen Scales of Early Learning: AGS Edition","author":"Mullen E. M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Williams\u2013Beuren Syndrome: Research and Clinical Perspectives","author":"Osborne L. R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Williams\u2013Beuren Syndrome: Research and Clinical Perspectives","author":"Plesa Skwerer D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","unstructured":"Tager\u2010FlusbergH.&SullivanK.(1999).Are children with Williams syndrome spared in theory of mind?Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development Albuquerque NM."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","unstructured":"ThomasM.L.BecceraA.M.&MervisC.B.(2002).The development of empathy in 4\u2010year\u2010old children with Williams syndrome. Paper presented at the 9thInternational Professional Conference on Williams Syndrome Long Beach CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reviews.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.01007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"The effects of experience on attribution of a stereotyped personality to children with Down's syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Wishart J. G.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Deficiency Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.1.126"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.12302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T11:34:32Z","timestamp":1694604872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.12302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.12302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.12302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}