{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:57:47Z","timestamp":1779893867956,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,19]],"date-time":"2016-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01 MH037911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH037911"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01 HD019739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD019739"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an x\u2010linked genetic disorder that represents the most common hereditary cause of Intellectual Disability (ID). Very specific behavioural features (e.g. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and stereotyped behaviour) are associated with FXS in adolescents and adults, yet research on temperament and behavioural characteristics in young children with FXS has been more limited and less conclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated temperament differences in young boys (3\u20137\u2009years old) with FXS (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) recruited from a national FXS centre and controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) matched on age, gender and race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with controls, boys with FXS exhibited less overall surgency\/extraversion and effortful control. Boys with FXS also displayed significantly greater activity and shyness and less attentional focusing, inhibitory control, soothability and high intensity pleasure (tendency to enjoy intense\/complex activities), relative to comparison children. A significant interaction between age and diagnosis (FXS or control) was observed for negative affectivity only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Attention difficulties commonly found in adolescents and adults with FXS appear to also be characteristic of young boys with FXS, as reflected by lower effortful control. Age\u2010related findings concerning negative affectivity may be particularly significant, leading to improved intervention\/preventative efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,20]],"date-time":"2016-06-20T02:27:29Z","timestamp":1466389649000},"page":"891-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Boys with fragile X syndrome: investigating temperament in early childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"C. M.","family":"Low Kapalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Missouri Kansas City  Kansas City MO USA"},{"name":"Developmental and Behavioral Sciences Children's Mercy Kansas City  Kansas City MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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