{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:54:17Z","timestamp":1790632457967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific phobia (SP) is the most common anxiety disorder among children with Williams syndrome (WS); prevalence rates derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u2010based diagnostic interviews range from 37% to 56%. We evaluated the effects of gender, age, intellectual abilities and\/or behaviour regulation difficulties on the likelihood that a child with WS would be diagnosed with SP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 194 6\u201017 year\u2010olds with WS were evaluated. To best characterise the relations between the predictors and the probability of a SP diagnosis, we explored not only possible linear effects but also curvilinear effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No gender differences were detected. As age increased, the likelihood of receiving a SP diagnosis decreased. As IQ increased, the probability of receiving a SP diagnosis also decreased. Behaviour regulation difficulties were the strongest predictor of a positive diagnosis. A quadratic relation was detected: The probability of receiving a SP diagnosis gradually rose as behaviour regulation difficulties increased. However, once behaviour regulation difficulties approached the clinical range, the probability of receiving a SP diagnosis asymptoted at a high level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with behaviour regulation difficulties in or just below the clinical range were at the greatest risk of developing SP. These findings highlight the value of large samples and the importance of evaluating for nonlinear effects to provide accurate model specification when characterising relations among a dependent variable and possible predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T10:22:41Z","timestamp":1471861361000},"page":"1031-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Predictors of specific phobia in children with Williams syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"C. H.","family":"Pitts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Psychological and Brain Sciences  Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. P.","family":"Klein\u2010Tasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Department of Psychology  Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clemson University Mathematical Sciences  Clemson SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. B.","family":"Mervis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Louisville Psychological and Brain Sciences  Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-010-9067-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046892.27264.1A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315860902725867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2003.9651896"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function: BRIEF","author":"Gioia G. A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"268","volume-title":"Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research Challenges and Solutions","author":"Grahame V.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.952008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7784-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test","author":"Kaufman A. S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29046\/JJP.020.1.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-120.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-009-9003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4946.003.0011","volume-title":"Neurogenetic Developmental Disorders: Variation of Manifestation in Childhood","author":"Mervis C. B.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483399041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071802724","volume-title":"Regression and Linear Modeling: Best Practices and Modern Methods","author":"Osborne J. W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","article-title":"Behavioral profiles of 6 \u2013 14 year\u2010old Children with Williams syndrome from Spain and the United States: cross\u2010cultural similarities and differences","author":"P\u00e9rez\u2010Garc\u00eda D.","journal-title":"American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-121.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199607000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM\u2010IV: Parent Interview Schedule","author":"Silverman W. K.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200108000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2011.0114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380201700406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00338-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195123630.003.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780195123630.003.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3103_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2013.07.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjir.12327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.12327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T11:34:52Z","timestamp":1694604892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.12327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.12327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.12327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}