{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:22:03Z","timestamp":1791462123421,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reducing harmful levels of alcohol consumption among children is an important public health concern internationally and in many high income countries. Little is known about levels and predictors of alcohol use among children with intellectual disability (ID).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of child self\u2010report data at age 11\u2009years collected in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with ID were significantly more likely to: have used alcohol in the last 4\u2009weeks; to have had five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion; to have had five or more alcoholic drinks or been intoxicated on one occasion; to have more positive attitudes about the psychological and social benefits of drinking; and to have less negative attitudes about the social and physical costs of drinking. Potentially harmful levels of drinking (intoxication or 5+ alcoholic drinks on one occasion) among children with ID were associated with child smoking, having friends who use alcohol, reporting that drinking makes it easier to make friends, and reporting that drinking reduces worrying. Children with ID accounted for 9% of all children with potentially harmful levels of drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public health interventions to reduce potentially harmful drinking among children in general must recognise that children with ID are a potentially high risk group and ensure that interventions are appropriately adjusted to take account of their particular needs and situation. Future research in this area is needed to untangle the causal pathways between attitudes toward alcohol and alcohol use among children with ID and the extent to which levels of alcohol use and predictors of alcohol use may be moderated by severity of ID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T10:36:33Z","timestamp":1472726193000},"page":"1212-1226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Predictors of self\u2010reported alcohol use and attitudes toward alcohol among 11\u2010year\u2010old British children with and without intellectual disability"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disability Research Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"},{"name":"Centre for Disability Research and Policy University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disability Research Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Baines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disability Research Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Hatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disability Research Lancaster University  Lancaster UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Bracken School Readiness Assessment","author":"Bracken B. 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