{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:14:22Z","timestamp":1787015662338,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medically unexplained symptoms and signs are common in the general population and can respond to appropriate managements. We aimed to quantify the types and prevalence of unexplained symptoms and signs experienced by adults with ID and to determine the associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a population\u2010based study, 1023 adults with ID aged 16 and over had a detailed health assessment, which systematically considered symptoms and signs. Descriptive data were generated on their symptoms and signs. Backwards stepwise logistic modelling was undertaken to determine the factors independently associated with the unexplained symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medically unexplained symptoms and signs were present in 664 (64.9%), 3.8 times higher than in the general population, and 470 (45.9%) had multiple unexplained symptoms or signs. Some were similar to those reported in the general population, such as dyspnoea, dyspepsia, headache, nausea and dizziness. However, others are not commonly reported in the general population, including dysphagia, ataxia, polyuria, oedema and skin rash. Having unexplained symptoms and signs was independently associated with older age, female gender, not having Down syndrome, extent of ID and more GP visits in the last 12\u00a0months. It was not associated with living in deprived areas, type of living\/support arrangements, number of hospital visit in the last 12\u00a0months, smoking, autism, problem behaviours or mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with ID have substantial additional unexplained symptoms and signs, some of which are painful or disabling. These findings should inform the content of health checks undertaken for adults with intellectual disabilities, which should not just focus on management of their long\u2010term conditions and health promotion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T21:35:46Z","timestamp":1489095346000},"page":"637-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence, types and associations of medically unexplained symptoms and signs. A cross\u2010sectional study of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5462-8464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Osugo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Previously unidentified morbidity in patients with intellectual disability","volume":"56","author":"Baxter H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Beyond somatisation: a review of the understanding and treatment of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS)","volume":"53","author":"Burton C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01263.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7463.414"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00078-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875\u2010015\u20100329\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"EmersonE.&BainesS.(2010)Health inequalities and people with learning Disabilities in the UK:2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7191"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl254"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2009.00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"Factors leading to the reporting of \u201cfunctional\u201d somatic symptoms by general practice attenders","volume":"41","author":"Mumford D. 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