{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:13:01Z","timestamp":1787015581696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000311","name":"Tuberous Sclerosis Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002833","name":"Cerebra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are at increased risk of developing self\u2010injurious behaviour. The persistence of this deleterious behaviour over years is reported in aetiologically heterogeneous samples to be between 60% and 80% but is unknown for TSC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we determined the 3\u2010year persistence of self\u2010injury in a sample (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a052) of children (with and without ID) and adults (with ID) with TSC and examined characteristics associated with persistence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings for self\u2010injury were contrasted to those for aggression and property destruction to examine the specificity of results to this behaviour. Self\u2010injury was persistent in 84.6% of those with TSC who showed this behaviour, in contrast to 66.7% both for aggression and destruction. Persistent self\u2010injury was associated with poor self\u2010help skills, greater overactivity\/impulsivity and more behavioural indicators of pain. These latter two characteristics were also associated with persistent aggression. No characteristics were associated with persistence of property destruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that self\u2010injurious behaviours in individuals with TSC, together with aggressive and destructive behaviours, are highly persistent and would benefit from targeted intervention. Poor adaptive skills, overactivity\/impulsivity and painful health conditions may differentiate those at most risk for persistent self\u2010injury or aggression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T00:47:08Z","timestamp":1518050828000},"page":"1058-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Persistence of self\u2010injury, aggression and property destruction in children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Wilde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience University College London  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town  South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology University of Birmingham  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2008.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.5.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"BreauL. 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