{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:08:49Z","timestamp":1790248129603,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010526","name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010526","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with intellectual disabilities face a much greater burden and earlier onset of physical and mental ill\u2010health than the general adult population. Physical\u2013mental comorbidity has been shown to result in poorer outcomes in the general population, but little is known about this relationship in adults with intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify whether physical ill\u2010health is associated with mental ill\u2010health in adults with intellectual disabilities and whether the extent of physical multi\u2010morbidity can predict the likelihood of mental ill\u2010health. To identify any associations between types of physical ill\u2010health and mental ill\u2010health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1023 adults with intellectual disabilities underwent comprehensive health assessments. Binary logistic regressions were undertaken to establish any association between the independent variables: total number of physical health conditions, physical conditions by International Classification of Disease\u201010 chapter and specific physical health conditions; and the dependent variables: problem behaviours, mental disorders of any type. All regressions were adjusted for age, gender, level of intellectual disabilities, living arrangements, neighbourhood deprivation and Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent of physical multi\u2010morbidity was not associated with mental ill\u2010health in adults with intellectual disabilities as only 0.8% of the sample had no physical conditions. Endocrine disease increased the risk of problem behaviours [odds ratio (OR): 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02\u20131.47], respiratory disease reduced the risk of problem behaviours (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54\u20130.99) and mental ill\u2010health of any type (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58\u20130.92), and musculoskeletal disease reduced the risk of mental ill\u2010health of any type (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.98). Ischaemic heart disease increased the risk of problem behaviours approximately threefold (OR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.02\u201310.60).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent of physical multi\u2010morbidity in the population with intellectual disabilities is overwhelming, such that associations are not found with mental ill\u2010health. Mental health interventions and preventative measures are essential for the entire population with intellectual disabilities and should not be focussed on subgroups based on overall health burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T10:16:27Z","timestamp":1521108987000},"page":"444-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The relationship between physical ill\u2010health and mental ill\u2010health in adults with intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Dunham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kinnear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Smiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, East Renfrewshire Integrated Learning Disability Team Barrhead Health &amp; Care Centre  Barrhead UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"595","article-title":"Medical disorders of adults with mental retardation: a population study","volume":"99","author":"Beange H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal on Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2011.651682"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6704.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.170.4.375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0329-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00374.x","article-title":"Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 1: prevalence of functional psychiatric illness among a community\u2010based population aged between 16 and 64 years","volume":"45","author":"Deb S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Glasgow University Affiliated Programme(2001)The C21st Health Check. 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