{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:44:59Z","timestamp":1774925099290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u2013Fifth edition (DSM\u20105), the diagnostic criteria of intellectual disability (ID) include three domains of adaptive deficits: the conceptual, social and practical. Substantial intra\u2010individual differences between domains can be considered an ID domain discrepancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explored the associations between ID domains, discrepancies and epilepsy in 189 adults (mean age\u00a0=\u00a047.9; SD\u00a0=\u00a015.6). Each DSM\u20105 ID domain was assessed separately, using subscales of the Vineland II for the social and practical domains, and psychological instruments, including intelligence tests, for the conceptual domain. A set of standardised criteria is proposed to identify an ID domain discrepancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An ID domain discrepancy seemed to be present in about one\u2010third of subjects and was particularly present in subjects with moderate ID (53.4%). Impairment in the social domain was most often the reason for the discrepancy. The presence of a discrepancy was significantly related to a focal (localised) epilepsy type (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.028) and a mixed seizure type (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009). Epilepsy characteristics that are indicative of a more severe and refractory epilepsy, including various seizure types, a high seizure frequency, a combined epilepsy type (both focal and generalised epilepsy) and an early age at onset, were significantly related to more severe impairments in conceptual, social and practical adaptive behaviour (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values &lt;.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>With a substantial proportion of the subjects who had both ID and epilepsy with an ID discrepancy, professionals should be aware of this and take all domains of ID into account when studying or working with this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T06:19:23Z","timestamp":1539584363000},"page":"40-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Classification of intellectual disability according to domains of adaptive functioning and between\u2010domains discrepancy in adults with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0645-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. S.","family":"van Ool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Residential Care Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre  Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"Snoeijen\u2010Schouwenaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Residential Care Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre  Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. Y.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Residential Care Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre  Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Schelhaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe  Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Aldenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral Sciences Kempenhaeghe Epilepsy Centre  Heeze The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. G. M.","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Neurological Learning Disabilities Kempenhaeghe  Heeze The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2003-1151-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2000.00270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Scales of Independant Behavior \u2010 Revised","author":"Bruininks R. 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