{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:22:30Z","timestamp":1787502150102,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Professionals Student Grant Program"},{"name":"The Graduate Research Support Program at Arizona State University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is well documented in individuals with Down syndrome. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of exercise on cognitive performance in this population. In particular, verbal fluency has been shown to be relevant to the early onset of Alzheimer's disease in individuals with Down syndrome. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between acute exercise and verbal fluency in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      It was a pre\u2010post design. Twenty\u2010eight participants (aged 14\u201331) were assigned to high\u2010intensity exercise (i.e. 70\u201385% of predicted maximum heart rate) (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08), moderate\u2010intensity exercise (i.e. 50\u201369% of predicted maximum heart rate) (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a010) or attentional control (N\u00a0=\u00a010) groups. Two exercise groups walked on a treadmill using an incremental walking protocol, and the attentional control group watched a video for 20\u00a0min. Measures of verbal fluency (i.e. semantic fluency and phonetic fluency) were tested pre\u2010intervention and post\u2010intervention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The result showed a quadric trend between semantic fluency and intensity of exercise. The improvement in cognitive performance on semantic fluency test was observed in the moderate\u2010intensity exercise. However, neither a linear trend nor a quadric trend was seen in phonetic fluency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The result showed an inverted\u2010U relationship between exercise intensity and semantic fluency. A larger sample size, testing time and more reliable psychophysiological measures (e.g. VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      max and neuroimaging technology), should be considered to explore the underlying mechanisms in this population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T10:02:45Z","timestamp":1551261765000},"page":"614-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effect of acute exercise on the performance of verbal fluency in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.\u2010C. (J. J.).","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University  Mississippi State MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7420-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. D. R.","family":"Ringenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Solutions Arizona State University  Phoenix AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230010035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1986.62.3.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/1533-4287(2002)016<0316:ILSOIO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3104\/reports.306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2002\/073)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2014.009274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195169539.003.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2104137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.17.3.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200110000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636110-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00301"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076767"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/096382899297710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Effect of dance exercise on cognitive function in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Kim S. 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