{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:46:31Z","timestamp":1793238391739,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although empowerment is an important factor in the adaptation of parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, our understanding of empowerment in fathers or how it relates to coping with stress and subjective social support is limited. In Poland, families with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities experience many challenges because of insufficient support. Although parental contribution to developing different forms of services for people with disability is crucial, the potential of fathers is underestimated and poorly understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study enrolled 35 fathers of children with autism with intellectual disability, 37 fathers of children with Down syndrome and 40 fathers of typically developing children. They completed three questionnaires: Family Empowerment Scale, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and Social Support Questionnaire \u2013 Short Form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with other groups, family empowerment was lower in fathers of children with autism. No group differences were found for the service system and community dimensions of empowerment. In the fathers of children with autism, social support was not related to empowerment, but there was a negative correlation between emotional coping and service system. Satisfaction with social support in fathers of children with Down syndrome correlated positively with the community dimension of empowerment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results show that fathers of children with autism and intellectual disability require support in family empowerment and that the significance of emotion\u2010focused and problem\u2010focused coping and social support in the context of empowerment differs in fathers of children with autism and Down syndrome. These results should be considered preliminary because of the limited sample size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T13:14:26Z","timestamp":1565961266000},"page":"434-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Empowerment in Polish fathers of children with autism and Down syndrome: the role of social support and coping with stress \u2013 a preliminary report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7458-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Pisula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology University of Warsaw  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Banasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pedagogy Jan D\u0142ugosz University in Cz\u0119stochowa  Cz\u0119stochowa Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2004)109<237:PWACIM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"349","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Disability and Development","author":"Al\u2010Yagon M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"APA guidelines for psychological practice with boys and men","author":"American Psychological Association, Boys and Men Guidelines Group","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2005.00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2015.1116030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3035-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-56.5.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"CybulskaA.&PankowskiK.(2018)Nieufno\u015b\u0107 i zaufanie [Trust and distrust]. 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