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The study aims were to assess whether adults with PWS have impaired switching abilities, whether the deficit is specific to PWS or linked to intellectual disabilities, and the influence of emotional contexts on performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The task\u2010switching performance of 30 adults with PWS was compared with that of 30 healthy adults matched on chronological age, and to that of 30 adults with intellectual disabilities but without PWS, matched on intellectual quotient level and chronological age. Indicators of switching performance were switching cost and repetition bias. Emotional contexts were operationalised with positive, neutral and negative task\u2010irrelevant pictures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with PWS showed a large increase in switching costs compared with the two control groups, and this effect did not vary across emotional contexts. More fine\u2010tuned examination revealed subtle performance modulations: negative contexts tended to increase the repetition bias in all three groups while positive contexts slowed down global performance in PWS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results confirmed previous studies, showing impaired switching abilities in PWS over and beyond the influence of intellectual level, but revealed no robust variations in switching deficits across emotional contexts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T12:43:17Z","timestamp":1611578597000},"page":"133-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The influence of emotional contexts on mental flexibility in Prader\u2013Willi syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6380-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Cheval\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), UMR 6024 CNRS &amp; Univ. 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