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The current study examined differences among children with DS with or without ADHD symptomatology in terms of demographics, developmental level, co\u2010occurring medical conditions, and parent and teacher ratings of behaviour and executive functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents and teachers of 108 school\u2010age children with DS provided ratings of ADHD symptoms, behaviour problems and executive functioning skills. Children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation, as identified by a scoring algorithm, were compared with those without ADHD symptom presentation on demographic characteristics, developmental level, co\u2010occurring medical conditions and parent\u2010report and teacher\u2010report measures of behaviours and executive functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep disorders, disruptive behaviour disorder, allergies and seizures were more common in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation than in children without ADHD symptom presentation. After controlling for ADHD medication use, children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation had poorer performance than those without ADHD symptom presentation on parent behaviour ratings, teacher behaviour ratings and parent but not teacher ratings of executive functioning. No significant group differences in demographic characteristics or developmental level were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher rates of co\u2010occurring medical conditions present in children with DS and ADHD symptom presentation support the need for thorough differential diagnoses. The different pattern of group differences between parent\u2010report and teacher\u2010report has implications for diagnostic practices across settings as well as for treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T21:30:08Z","timestamp":1640295008000},"page":"282-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Co\u2010occurring medical and behavioural conditions in children with Down syndrome with or without ADHD symptom presentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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