{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T16:21:19Z","timestamp":1756570879916,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011238","name":"Lions Clubs International Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Special Olympics International (SOI) has provided eye assessments at no cost to athletes participating in competitions through the Special Olympics Lions Clubs International Foundation Opening Eyes (OE) programme. Access to vision services is crucial given the high rates of eye abnormalities found in studies collected at OE programmes in other countries. As of 2022, no studies covering vision data have been published on SOI athletes specifically from the USA. Therefore, this multiple cross\u2010sectional study hopes to investigate the vision profile of US athletes over three national games, detecting any changes in vision and ocular health outcomes over an 8\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vision assessments were conducted in the US national games of 2010, 2014 and 2018. Demographic and clinical data from 1427 vision assessments were used in this study. Prevalence of vision and ocular health abnormalities were compared across national games.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort of 1427 assessments with athletes' mean age\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD of 29.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.5\u00a0years, 85.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01170) had an abnormal vision result with at least one of the following findings: decreased visual acuity of 20\/40 or worse (31.0%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0442), refractive error including myopia (52.8%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0754), hypermetropia (15.7%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0224), and astigmatism (35.0%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0499), ocular misalignment distant (16.2%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0224) or near (17.2%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0239), or ocular abnormality (19.1%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0273).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the burden of vision defects and ocular disease in US SOI athletes over the past decade. While continued effort must be made to train eye providers in caring for patients with ID to increase eyecare accessibility outside of SOI, vision assessments at national games can continue providing opportunities for improved ocular health in children and adults with ID.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T09:49:23Z","timestamp":1659952163000},"page":"782-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vision characteristics of Special Olympics athletes seen at the United States National Games 2010\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-2548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Yuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0101-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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