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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of regular exercise on cognitive functioning in young people with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with Down syndrome were eligible if aged between 13 and 35\u00a0years and enrolled to participate in an exercise programme (called <jats:italic>FitSkills<\/jats:italic>). The intervention was a 12\u2010week community\u2010based exercise programme completed with a student mentor. Outcomes were assessed before (week 0) and immediately after (week 13) the intervention. Executive functioning (planning, response inhibition, attention shifting) was assessed using Tower of London, Sustained Attention to Response Task, CANTAB Intra\u2010extra Dimensional Set Shift Test, Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Working memory was assessed using the CANTAB Paired Associates Learning task, and information processing speed was assessed using the Motor Screening Task. Outcomes were analysed using ANCOVA with the baseline measure as the covariate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty participants (9 women; mean age 23.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.6\u00a0years) enrolled. Between\u2010group differences, in favour of the experimental group, were found for the global executive composite score of the BRIEF (mean difference \u22124.77\u00a0units, 95% CI \u22129.30 to \u22120.25). There were no between group differences for any other outcome measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participation in a 12\u2010week exercise programme was effective in improving everyday executive functions in young people with Down syndrome. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in future randomised controlled trials of community\u2010based exercise with larger sample sizes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T06:53:33Z","timestamp":1663138413000},"page":"924-938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A 12\u2010week exercise programme has a positive effect on everyday executive function in young people with Down syndrome: a pilot non\u2010randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-2378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neuromotor &amp; Cognition Lab, School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Buhlert\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2502-6704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Strydom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience Kings College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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