{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:56:36Z","timestamp":1791672996196,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ball possessions and game rhythm are promising variables to better understand teams' collective behaviour during a basketball game. However, the role of these variables is not well documented in teams with intellectual impairments (II). This study aimed to explore ball possession and game rhythm differences between II and non\u2010II basketball games.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained through video observations (53 II games) and the International Basketball Federation records (53 non\u2010II games).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) revealed that the number of ball possessions was higher and game rhythm was faster in II games. Two\u2010way repeated\u2010measures analysis of variance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) showed that ball possessions and game rhythm developed differently throughout the II games compared with the non\u2010II games.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The differences may be due to the decision\u2010making, tactical and self\u2010regulatory limitations of players with II. These limitations adequately explain why players with II respond differently to the environmental cues and monitor insufficiently their actions compared with players without II. Additionally, the higher number of ball possessions and the faster game rhythm in II games could be an indicator of more intuitive, and thus faster, game\u2010related decision\u2010making. In conclusion, the study provides further understanding of the role of cognition in basketball and contributes to better explain the differences between II and non\u2010II games.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T06:10:19Z","timestamp":1693548619000},"page":"23-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ball possessions and game rhythm in basketball games involving players with and without intellectual impairments"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"K. 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J.","family":"Hettinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838030-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports","author":"American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2006.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2015.1068830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00253-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Effects of a self\u2010monitoring strategy on independent work behavior of students with mild intellectual disability","volume":"47","author":"Coughlin J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2016.11868918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2017.1303982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Research Methods and Performance Analysis","author":"Cs\u00e1taljay G.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intelligence and mental imagery in ID","volume":"6","author":"Di Nuovo S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2013-0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2010.01104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The pacing behaviour of basketball players with intellectual impairment: does the dynamic environment influence how they pace?","author":"Khudair M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Handbook of Self\u2010regulation of Learning and Performance","author":"Kitsantas A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0642-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smr.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"204","volume-title":"International Research in Science and Soccer II","author":"O'Connor D.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Basketball on Paper: Rules and Tools for Performance Analysis","author":"Oliver D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Olympic Recap: The Final Numbers. 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