{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:58:08Z","timestamp":1769839088696,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003587","name":"American Occupational Therapy Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AOTF2019HSR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOTF2019HSR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90RTHF0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90RTHF0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, HIV diagnosis and receipt of HIV care among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) who are publicly insured in the USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a cross\u2010sectional analysis of Medicare\u2013Medicaid linked data of adults with IDD who were publicly insured in 2012 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0878\u00a0186).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios of HIV testing, diagnosis and receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We also identified the relationship between predisposing (age, gender, race and ethnicity), enabling (Medicare, Medicaid or both; rural status; geographical location; and county income) and need\u2010related characteristics (IDD diagnosis and other co\u2010occurring conditions) associated with these outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only 0.12% of adults with IDD who had no known HIV diagnosis had received an HIV test in the past year. The prevalence of HIV diagnosis among adults with IDD was 0.38%, although differences by type of IDD diagnosis were observed. Prevalence of HIV diagnosis differed by type of IDD. Among adults with IDD who were living with HIV, approximately 71% had received ART during 2012. The adjusted analyses indicate significant racial disparities, with Black adults with IDD making up the majority (59.11%) of the HIV\u2010positive IDD adult population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with IDD are a unique priority population at risk for HIV\u2010related disparities, and the level of risk is differential among subtypes of IDD. People with IDD, like other people with disabilities, should be considered in prevention programming and treatment guidelines to address disparities across the HIV care continuum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T05:10:20Z","timestamp":1697778620000},"page":"150-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis and care among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are publicly insured"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0694-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. G.","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Argenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gravino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Center for Adult Autism Services Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. W.","family":"Benevides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public and Preventive Health &amp; Department of Occupational Therapy Augusta University  Augusta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Changing the U.S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services Policy and Management","author":"Andersen R. M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-57.3.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2019.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(2022)Other chronic health mental health and potentially disabling conditions. Available at:https:\/\/www2.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/condition\u2010categories\u2010other(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0258"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1845824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2022.0180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(2019)Developmental intellectual disability \u2013 level 1 impairment. Available at:https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/results\/gbd_summaries\/2019\/developmental\u2010intellectual\u2010disability\u2010level\u20101\u2010impairment(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\/AIDS(2022)Fact sheet: latest global and regional statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic. Available at:https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Kaiser Family Foundation(2012)Medicaid and managed care: key data trends and issues. Available at:https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/issue\u2010brief\/medicaid\u2010and\u2010managed\u2010care\u2010key\u2010data\u2010trends\/(retrieved 15 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.00475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission(n.d.)Managed care's effect on outcomes. Available at:https:\/\/www.macpac.gov\/subtopic\/managed\u2010cares\u2010effect\u2010on\u2010outcomes\/(retrieved 15 August 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Medicare\u2010Medicaid Linked Enrollee Analytic Data Source(2012)Medicare\u2010Medicaid Linked Enrollee Analytic Data Source (MMLEADS) 1.0. Research Data Assistance Center. Available at:https:\/\/resdac.org\/cms\u2010data\/files\/mmleads\u20101\/data\u2010documentation(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11195-017-9508-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03912-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.6.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents(2022)Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in adults and adolescents with HIV. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at:https:\/\/clinicalinfo.hiv.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/guidelines\/documents\/adult\u2010adolescent\u2010arv\/guidelines\u2010adult\u2010adolescent\u2010arv.pdf(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.29.S2.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30098-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00466-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-59.6.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2014.898742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1980","article-title":"Prevalence of sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability: systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"18","author":"Tomsa R.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(16)30223-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization(2021)Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention testing treatment service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240031593(retrieved 6 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization(2022)Global report on health equity for persons with disabilities. Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240063600(retrieved 6 February 2023)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.13099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T01:26:00Z","timestamp":1705800360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.13099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.13099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.13099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}