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We examined whether obesity in middle\u2010aged adults with Down syndrome is also related to an adverse metabolic profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 143 adults with Down syndrome, with a mean age of 55.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7\u00a0years and 52.5% women. Body mass index (BMI) was classified as underweight (BMI\u00a0&lt;\u00a018.5\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), normal (BMI 18.5\u201324.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), overweight (BMI 25\u201329.9\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and obese (BMI\u00a0\u2265\u00a030\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Diabetes was ascertained by history or by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as normal glucose tolerance (HbA1c\u00a0&lt;\u00a05.7%), pre\u2010diabetes (HbA1c 5.7\u20136.4%) and diabetes (HbA1c\u00a0\u2265\u00a06.5%). We measured non\u2010fasting lipids, hsCRP, insulin, adiponectin and leptin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of the sample had an overweight (46.9%) or obesity (27.3%) status. However, there was a relatively low prevalence of pre\u2010diabetes (9.8%) and diabetes (6.9%). Overweight and obesity status were not associated with lower HDL and adiponectin and higher insulin, non\u2010HDL cholesterol and hsCRP as expected in adults without Down syndrome. However, overweight and obesity were strongly associated with higher leptin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The only metabolic correlate of obesity in middle\u2010aged adults with Down syndrome was high leptin levels. Our findings are limited by non\u2010fasting laboratory tests but suggest that middle\u2010aged adults with Down syndrome do not have the adverse metabolic profile related to obesity found in adults without Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T04:28:44Z","timestamp":1698640124000},"page":"212-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Obesity, diabetes and their metabolic correlates in middle\u2010aged adults with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"Krinsky\u2010McHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Schupf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Taub Institute Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Taub Institute Columbia University Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Pediatrics University of California\u2010Irvine  Irvine CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. B.","family":"Zigman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-016-0231-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(2002)107<0201:DICDRB>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00245-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.10.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017\u20132018","author":"Hales C. 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