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Autism in FXS is significantly underdiagnosed in the community, which may be partly due to insufficient clinical description of the social interaction profile of autism within the FXS phenotype. In this study, we applied a classic framework for characterising social interaction styles in autism to a sample of young adult males with FXS and co\u2010occurring autism to enhance understanding of how the social challenges associated with autism manifest within FXS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 41 males (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> age\u00a0= 18\u00a0years) with FXS and co\u2010occurring autism. Interaction samples were coded for expression of predominately \u2018active\u2019 (characterised by a desire to make social approaches) or \u2018passive\u2019 (characterised by lack of initiation of social approach towards others) interaction profiles. Differences in the expression of phenotypic features of FXS, including anxiety, attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, cognitive, adaptive and language impairments and autism symptom severity, were examined across those with passive and active interaction styles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately half of the sample was classified as active and half as passive, demonstrating diversity in the social phenotype of autism associated with FXS. The two subtypes did not differ in autism severity, anxiety or attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms or in cognitive, adaptive or language abilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study enhances understanding of FXS\u2010associated autism by documenting phenotypic variability in the social interaction profile in this group, with active and passive social interaction styles represented. The two social interaction styles were not associated with differential expression of common phenotypic features of FXS, suggesting similar support needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T11:59:33Z","timestamp":1706011173000},"page":"464-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterising the social interaction style of autism in young adult males with fragile X syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-4345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Moser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Campanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina  Columbia SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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