{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:28:45Z","timestamp":1780320525179,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adequate skill levels of gross motor capacity affect activities of daily living, participation in recreational activities and general physical activity levels of youths (7\u201321\u00a0years). Most studies of typically developing youths have reported significant negative relationships between gross motor capacity and body mass index. The latter findings are especially of concern for youths with intellectual disabilities in that it has been estimated that 61% of children and 66% of adolescents were classified as overweight\/obese. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity among youths with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Components of the Bruininks\u2013Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT\u20102) were used for designated aspects of gross motor capacity: six items for upper limb coordination (ULC); seven items for balance (BAL); six items for bilateral coordination (BLC); and one item for agility (A\u20102). Participants consisted of 654 youths (438 men), ages 8\u201321\u00a0years with ID. Participants were divided into pre\u2010puberty and post\u2010puberty men (post \u226512\u00a0years) and women (post \u226510\u00a0years of age). Body mass index (BMI, kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was determined by height and weight measurements on the day of testing. A Kendall's tau correlation coefficient (\u03c4) was used to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity (BOT\u20102 test scores).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> values for both pre\u2010puberty and post\u2010puberty for all BAL, BLC, A\u20102 tests and for three of the six ULC tests were negligible to very weak (<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00 to \u00b10.19). Higher \u03c4 values were seen for pre\u2010puberty youths in three of the ULC tests, but they fell within the weak range (<jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.24). When combining all pre\u2010puberty and post\u2010puberty participants, <jats:italic>\u03c4<\/jats:italic> values were in the negligible to very weak range for all tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity as measured by the BOT\u20102 subtest item scores used in this study is very weak and suggests that they are not clinically relevant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T07:23:55Z","timestamp":1719213835000},"page":"1208-1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity in youth with intellectual disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Pitetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions Wichita State University  Wicxhita KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Bertapelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Wichita State University  Wichita KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Loovis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Education and Human Services Cleveland State University  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. D.","family":"do Amaral\u2010Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"de Barros\u2010Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Guerra\u2010Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems Support","author":"American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408340500526766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0495-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2019-0185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70265-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Bruininks\u2010Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency","author":"Bruininks R. H.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"166","article-title":"Strength deficit of knee extensor muscles of individuals with Down syndrome from childhood to adolescence","volume":"99","author":"Cioni M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Retardation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7244.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.26.1.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2010.500388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","article-title":"Worldwide secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among girls: a systematic review and Meta\u2010analysis. JAMA","volume":"174","author":"Eckert\u2010Lind C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1813D"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Straightforward Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Evans J. D.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.4.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802735"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803196"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","volume-title":"Movement Assessment Battery for Children","author":"Henderson S.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2008.10599479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15561\/20755279.2018.0202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198606000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2011.10599776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20120307-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.6.978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001577-200113010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2004.10609157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0000000000000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/APAQ.2016-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.2017-0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"86","article-title":"Sex\u2010mediated differences and correlations between the anthropometric characteristics and motor abilities of university students","volume":"20","author":"Podstawsk R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2011.575143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/25.10.PMS.116.1.294-303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0351-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31825c2cb0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/apaq.25.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2014.936428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1478"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.32.2.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2009.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2009.10599556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sulton K.&Jajat J.(2019).Relationship between gross motor skills and body mass index of children with intellectual disability. Advances in Health Sciences Research: Proceedings of the 3rdInternational Conference on Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSHP 2018) 11.","DOI":"10.2991\/icsshpe-18.2019.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1981.tb06734.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471602396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","volume-title":"WISC\u2010V: Technical and Interpretive Manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0742"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216643117"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.13168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T10:00:39Z","timestamp":1732096839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.13168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.13168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.13168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}