{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:46:23Z","timestamp":1782985583826,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research has shown that older adults with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, longitudinal studies investigating the actual incidence of CVD and its associated risk factors in this population are limited. Such research is essential for optimising healthcare delivery and informing effective resource allocation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine CVD incidence in older adults with intellectual disabilities and explore its associations with participant characteristics and risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in older adults (\u2265\u200950\u2009years) with intellectual disabilities as part of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities study. Baseline measurements were performed in 2009\u20132010, with follow\u2010up assessments, including medical record reviews, in 2020\u20132023. Incidence rates for myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) and stroke were calculated by sex and 10\u2010year age categories. Competing risk analysis was performed to examine the associations between CVD diagnoses during follow\u2010up and baseline participant characteristics\/CVD risk factors, accounting for mortality as a competing risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 598 participants (62.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5\u2009year; 49.3% female), with a mean follow\u2010up of 8.6\u2009years, incidence rates were 2.3 per 1000 person years for MI, 7.2 for HF, and 5.3 for stroke. Hypertension (HR 3.17;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), Down syndrome (HR 2.66;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and antipsychotic use (HR 1.98;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) were associated with an increased CVD risk during follow\u2010up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A lower incidence of MI and similar to higher incidence of HF and stroke were found in older adults with intellectual disabilities than in the general population. Further research, including a focus on the association of CVD incidence with Down syndrome, is needed. Meanwhile, proactive assessment and management of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension and antipsychotic use, are important for improving cardiovascular health in older adults with intellectual disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T02:49:29Z","timestamp":1751424569000},"page":"1261-1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Risk Factors in Older Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: Results of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6357-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen\u00a0J.","family":"de Leeuw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine Research, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Collaborative Research Center Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5790-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myl\u00e8ne\u00a0N.","family":"B\u00f6hmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine Research, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Collaborative Research Center Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick\u00a0J.\u00a0E.","family":"Bindels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dederieke\u00a0A.\u00a0M.","family":"Maes\u2010Festen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine Research, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Collaborative Research Center Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6630-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyt","family":"Oppewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine Research, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Collaborative Research Center Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31817f19a1","article-title":"Age\u2010Related Changes in Aerobic Capacity in Individuals With Mental Retardation: A 20\u2010Yr Review","volume":"40","author":"Baynard T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5733"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/26.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61636"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2024.101754","article-title":"Intellectual Disabilities and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Population\u2010Based Cohort Study","volume":"18","author":"Cho I. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disability and Health Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00510-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00114-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2005.tb01111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01275.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182905d6a","article-title":"Effects of Controlled Discontinuation of Long\u2010Term Used Antipsychotics on Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Individuals With Intellectual Disability","volume":"33","author":"Kuijper G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review","author":"Leeuw M. J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90530-Q"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Changing Trends in Life Expectancy in Intellectual Disability Over Time","volume":"112","author":"Dolan E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iridological Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","volume-title":"Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn Probleemgedrag bij Volwassenen met een Verstandelijke Beperking","author":"Embregts P.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2007.01006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","volume-title":"Clinical Assessment Recommendations","author":"Fess E. E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2012.01567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000345957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027516684172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6081.226"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Metabolic Considerations in the Use of Antipsychotic Medications: A Review of Recent Evidence","volume":"68","author":"Newcomer J. W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","volume-title":"Nivel\u2010cijfers Ziekten op jaarbasis in Nederland \u2010 incidentie en prevalentie. Uit de registraties van Nivel Zorgregistraties Eerste Lijn","author":"NIVEL","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.246876"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2014.05.027"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Cause\u2010Specific Mortality of People With Intellectual Disability in a Population\u2010Based, 35\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up Study","volume":"45","author":"Patja K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200018010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0047-6765(1998)036<0175:OPIPWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.724969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.PEDS14563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","volume-title":"Moss & Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Including the Fetus and Young Adult","author":"Shaddy R. E.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.12.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-116.6.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484"},{"issue":"41","key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"687","article-title":"QTc Prolongation by Psychotropic Drugs and the Risk of Torsade de Pointes","volume":"108","author":"Wenzel\u2010Seifert K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","volume-title":"Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities\u2014Improving Longevity and Promoting Healthy Ageing: Summative Report","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","volume-title":"Waist Circumference and Waist\u2010Hip Ratio; Report of a Who Expert Consultation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","volume-title":"64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2012.93"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.70004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:08:46Z","timestamp":1761898126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.70004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.70004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.70004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}