{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:40:39Z","timestamp":1765777239790,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperphagia\u2014characterized by an overwhelming drive to consume food\u2014is a core feature of Prader\u2013Willi syndrome (PWS) that profoundly impacts individuals and families. Objective measures of hyperphagia are urgently needed to support therapeutic development and improve clinical outcomes for individuals with PWS. Eye tracking may offer a scalable, noninvasive method for capturing attentional responses to food cues. By capturing visual attentional responses to food before and after eating, eye tracking may offer an indirect, objective method for assessing impairments in satiety that are associated with hyperphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We adapted a previously developed eye\u2010tracking task\u2014designed to detect attentional bias to food stimuli in hungry versus satiated states\u2014for use with the PWS community. A codesign approach was used, involving focus groups with caregivers and professionals. Stakeholders identified key barriers to participation, including food\u2010related anxiety, sensory sensitivities and the need for predictable routines. Protocol adaptations included flexible scheduling, individualized meal options and \u2018food certainty\u2019 to reduce stress and enhance adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adapted protocol was feasible and acceptable, with a 92.6% completion rate and full adherence to fasting and standardized meal requirements among participants with PWS. Stakeholders reported high engagement and comfort with the revised approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the value of codesign in tailoring neurocognitive protocols for individuals with complex needs. By integrating stakeholder insights, we enhanced feasibility, accessibility and data quality. The adapted eye\u2010tracking protocol shows promise as a scalable, objective method to assess hyperphagia\u2010related cognitive responses and may inform future clinical trials in PWS and related conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:59:25Z","timestamp":1761008365000},"page":"58-67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Codesigning a Neurocognitive Assessment Protocol for Hyperphagia: Perspectives From Stakeholders in Prader\u2013Willi Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sarah\u2010Marie","family":"Feighan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Programme, SickKids Research Institute Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Trinity College Dublin  Dublin 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