{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:14:34Z","timestamp":1778030074157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Psychological Therapies Outcome Scale\u2014Intellectual Disabilities\u2010II (PTOS\u2010ID\u2010II) is a 29\u2010item self\u2010report measure developed to assess psychological distress and positive well\u2010being in people with an intellectual disability. While initial validation demonstrated promising psychometric properties, further replication in a larger sample was needed, and incorporating insights gained from routine clinical use over the years since its initial implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A quantitative cross\u2010sectional design was utilised to test the psychometric properties of the PTOS\u2010ID\u2010II using data collected from routine clinical practice from adults with intellectual disabilities (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009879) accessing a community health service. Subsequent analyses included dimensionality reduction (via principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis), assessment of internal consistency, concurrent validity and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Analyses were guided by a primer on the development of health outcome measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exploration of the proposed factor structure of the PTOS\u2010ID\u2010II indicated that two of the items were problematic and subsequently removed. The new 27\u2010item measure was rebranded \u2018the Outcomes for Wellbeing and Distress Scale\u2019 (OWLS\u2010ID). Analysis of the measure identified and confirmed a three\u2010component model: (1) Positive Well\u2010being, (2) Emotional and Behavioural Discomfort and (3) Anxiety. Internal consistency was good to acceptable. Items related to Emotional and Behavioural Discomfort and Anxiety were combined to create a measure of psychological distress. Concurrent validity between distress as measured using the OWLS\u2010ID and Brief Symptoms Inventory was strong. A cut of 11.5 had acceptable sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.9). Analysis of missing data suggested that item acceptability was high.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OWLS\u2010ID is one of the most comprehensively tested patient\u2010reported outcome measures to date, which was developed specifically for individuals with an intellectual disability. Its implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T16:32:25Z","timestamp":1773765145000},"page":"653-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of the Outcomes of WeLlbeing and Distress Scale for Adults With an Intellectual Disability (OWLS\u2010ID), Formally Known as the PTOS\u2010ID"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9561-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Kerry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Adult Learning Disability Health Service, South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust  Wakefield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7916-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"Beail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nik","family":"Vlissides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Learning Disability Health Service, South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust  Wakefield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7589-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Gaskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust  Stoke\u2010on\u2010Trent UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4962-3551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregg\u00a0Harry","family":"Rawlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Adult Learning Disability Health Service, South West Yorkshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust  Wakefield UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.s173282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53841\/bpsrep.2016.rep106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/amhid\u201009\u20102016\u20100021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Beail N. 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