{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:07:00Z","timestamp":1788923220820,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International debates on inclusive education often position reduced\u2010size or specialized classrooms as either supportive provision or potentially segregating placement. Student\u2010perspective evidence remains limited, particularly for upper secondary students with intellectual and other documented disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This sequential explanatory mixed\u2010methods study examined associations between reduced\u2010size classroom (RSC) placement and academic and socio\u2010emotional outcomes among 153 upper secondary students with documented disabilities in Wuhan, China. Students were enrolled in RSCs of no more than eight students (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200947) or mainstream classrooms with resource\u2010room support (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009106). Structural equation modelling estimated direct and indirect associations involving social integration, teacher support and academic self\u2010efficacy, with prior special education experience treated as a key covariate. Semistructured interviews with nine RSC students explained and contextualized the quantitative patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment, RSC placement remained statistically associated with social integration, teacher support and academic self\u2010efficacy, although estimates were attenuated. Bootstrap estimates supported indirect associations with subjective well\u2010being through social integration and teacher support, and with academic achievement through teacher support and academic self\u2010efficacy. Interviews highlighted belonging, personalized instruction, teacher closeness, reduced anxiety and academic confidence, while showing that students valued support quality more than placement labels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced\u2010size placement was associated with more favourable student\u2010reported outcomes when students perceived stronger relational security, individualized instruction and teacher support. Because placement was nonrandom and the quantitative data were cross\u2010sectional, findings should be interpreted as associational rather than causal. The study shifts attention from a simple inclusion\u2010versus\u2010segregation binary toward placement quality and support processes that may be especially relevant for students with substantial support needs in upper secondary education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1783526827000},"page":"1077-1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Belonging in Reduced\u2010Size Classrooms: Student Outcomes Among Chinese Upper Secondary Students With Intellectual and Other Documented Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peizhu","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Foreign Languages Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1024-4821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences City University of Macau  Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7746-4654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lizi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Graduate School of Arts and Science New York University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20020317.2020.1729587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.103.3.411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/28324765.2023.2255040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781036232078.n9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2014.933551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"China Launches Plan to Boost Special Education","author":"General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520\u20106807(199301)30:1<79::AID\u2010PITS2310300113>3.0.CO;2\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair J. F.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003380542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709906X156881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Classroom Environment Scale Manual","author":"Moos R. H.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13603116.2018.1503348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Dilemmas of Difference, Inclusion and Disability: International Perspectives and Future Directions","author":"Norwich B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/1c0d9c79-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07419325241244485"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-20895-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2212585X241234332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/978.14625\/28806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045\u2010023\u201000316\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"Disability Rights and Wrongs Revisited","author":"Shakespeare T.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13070554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","volume-title":"Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and Education: All Means All","author":"UNESCO","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities (A\/RES\/61\/106)","author":"United Nations General Assembly","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810031002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.54.6.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1490144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20965311221147310"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intellectual Disability Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.70142","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jir.70142","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jir.70142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:29:02Z","timestamp":1788920942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jir.70142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jir.70142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jir.70142","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-2633","1365-2788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-2633","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2788","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}