{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:07:00Z","timestamp":1788923220802,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychotropic use and psychotropic polypharmacy are common in people with intellectual disabilities, but representative population\u2010based studies on this topic are scarce. We evaluated the prevalence of psychotropic use and psychotropic polypharmacy in a Finnish nationwide cohort of people with intellectual disabilities aged 0\u201397\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The annual prevalence of psychotropic use in 2019 was studied among 37\u2009196 individuals with intellectual disabilities and an age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched comparison cohort with no diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. Psychotropics included antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives and antiepileptics indicated for bipolar disorder (carbamazepine, valproic acid, lamotrigine, pregabalin and clonazepam). Prevalence of interclass psychotropic polypharmacy (use from \u2265\u20092 different psychotropic groups) was evaluated in a 4\u2010month time window at the end of 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of psychotropic use was higher in the intellectual disability cohort (42.3%) than comparison cohort (15.0%). Antipsychotics were the most common psychotropic group in the intellectual disability cohort (28%), with lower prevalence in the comparison cohort (3.3%). The prevalence of antidepressant use was 19.4% in the intellectual disability cohort and 9.7% in the comparison cohort. A likely indication was identified for 52.9% of psychotropic users with intellectual disability (major psychiatric comorbidity 38.1%, challenging behaviour 22.1%). Psychotropic polypharmacy was more common in the intellectual disability cohort (18.2%), than in the comparison cohort (3.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight concerns about psychotropic polypharmacy and potential overmedication. Using a comprehensive, nationwide cohort, this study emphasises the need for more evidence\u2010based, person\u2010centred approaches, including careful diagnostics, non\u2010pharmacological interventions and regular treatment reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T10:59:21Z","timestamp":1784113161000},"page":"1112-1124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Psychotropic Use and Psychotropic Polypharmacy in a Finnish National Cohort of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Ville","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Saastamoinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Information Section, Development and Information Services, Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Arvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00e4ij\u00e4t\u2010H\u00e4me Joint Municipal Authority, Neurology  Lahti Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu\u00a0T.","family":"Vesala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Association for Intellectual Disabilities  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Miettinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Association for Intellectual Disabilities  Helsinki 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