{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:54:02Z","timestamp":1790909642517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study is to investigate functional, cognitive, physical and nutritional outcomes in adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs), comparing individuals with and without Down syndrome from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the associations of group, degree of disability, age and sex with these outcomes. Additionally, we hypothesized that individuals with Down syndrome would present greater vulnerability to cognitive and physical decline compared to those with ID of other aetiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional observational study included 52 adults with ID divided into two groups: (1) 24 participants with Down syndrome (ID\u2010DS) and (2) 28 participants with non\u2010DS aetiologies (ID\u2010nonDS). Assessments included sociodemographic and clinical data; functional independence measure (FIM); physical performance (handgrip strength, 30\u2010s sit\u2010to\u2010stand test, gait speed test and MiniBESTest); nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment [MNA]); cognitive function (Cambridge Cognitive Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly\u2013Down Syndrome [CAMCOG\u2010DS]); cognitive decline (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly [IQCODE]); and functional activities (Pfeffer Questionnaire [QPAF]). Data were obtained through self\u2010report whenever possible, and proxy report (caregivers) when necessary, based on participants' communication abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with the ID\u2010nonDS group, the ID\u2010DS group demonstrated significantly poorer learning (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.56;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049) and remote memory performance (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22121.18;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011), a nonsignificant trend towards lower handgrip strength (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22124.68;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.051) and more falls (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.39;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.050). Sex and degree of disability were associated with several outcomes, whereas age showed no significant effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults in the ID\u2010DS group exhibited cognitive and physical profiles suggestive of increased vulnerability to age\u2010related functional impairment compared with adults with other forms of ID. These findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the cross\u2010sectional design and sample size limitations. Replication in larger samples will be necessary to confirm these observations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:42:51Z","timestamp":1785256971000},"page":"1192-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ageing in Adults With Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disabilities in Brazil: A Biopsychosocial Comparison of Individuals With and Without Down Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila\u00a0Regina","family":"de Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Aging Sciences Universidade S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu (USJT)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"J\u00f4 Clemente Institute  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"de Cassia\u00a0Ernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Aging Sciences Universidade S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu (USJT)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7960-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika\u00a0Christina\u00a0Gouveia\u00a0e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Aging Sciences Universidade S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu (USJT)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-0545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana\u00a0Mascarenhas","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Krieger Klein Alzheimer's Research Center, Brain Health Institute Rutgers University  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0182-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9\u00a0Maria","family":"Montiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Aging Sciences Universidade S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu (USJT)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9644-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica\u00a0Castilho","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Aging Sciences Universidade S\u00e3o Judas Tadeu (USJT)  S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports","author":"AAIDD","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198185"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"Social Inclusion and Participation of Adults With Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"23","author":"Balogh R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2210"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Geriatrische Syndromen, Multimorbiditeit en Ouderenpsychiatrie; Een Ge\u00efntegreerd Perspectief [Geriatric Syndromes, Multimorbidity and Geriatric Psychiatry; an Integrated Perspective]","volume":"64","author":"Benraad C. 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