{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:53:43Z","timestamp":1790909623032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100019\u2010227842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100019\u2010227842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J intellect Disabil Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine the types and frequency of challenging behaviours (CB) among students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in special education schools and identify profiles among them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from 239 special school staff members, who reported information on 635 students via an online survey. A multilevel latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of students based on the type and frequency of CB while controlling for respondent nesting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      According to respondents, among students in their classrooms (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.02, SD\u2009=\u20092.54) about half displayed persistent CB (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.88, SD\u2009=\u20092.08). Oppositional and socially inappropriate behaviours were the most frequently reported, displayed by over 90% of students with CB and occurring daily. Group 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009169,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911.00\u2009years) exhibited the most severe and frequent CB across nearly all categories, mainly physical and verbal aggression and destructive behaviours. Group 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009200,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099.90\u2009years) showed high levels of physical aggression, self\u2010injurious and destructive behaviours, but very low levels of verbal aggression. Group 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009131,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912.17\u2009years) was characterised by overall low levels of CB, with some verbal aggression. Finally, Group 4 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009135,\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910.86\u2009years) showed elevated rates of destructive behaviours, a moderate prevalence of physical aggression and self\u2010injurious behaviours, in addition to the lowest rate of socially inappropriate behaviours.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These profiles highlight the heterogeneity of CB presentations among students in specialised educational settings and underscore the need for tailored educational and behavioural support and intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.70155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T23:47:08Z","timestamp":1785714428000},"page":"1203-1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behaviours That Challenge in Special Schools: Heterogeneity of Profiles Among Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Implications for Educational Support"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3980-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria","family":"Mestari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Teacher Education of State of Vaud  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Severine","family":"Pradel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Teacher Education of State of Vaud  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Veyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sermier\u00a0Dessemontet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Teacher Education of State of Vaud  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0888406417700962"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2019.00159"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20101895E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12989"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474\u2010019\u201000175\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","unstructured":"B\u00fcschi E. andN.Lustenberger. 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