{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:56:37Z","timestamp":1783385797103,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Japan Journal Nursing Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to explore the predictors of breast self\u2010examination (BSE) behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive correlational design was utilized to recruit 1,075 participants from the primary health centers in Najran city, Saudi Arabia, from the beginning of March to the end of October 2021. A self\u2010reported questionnaire was used for data collection; it consisted of demographic data and health history, breast cancer knowledge test and protection motivation theory (PMT) scale. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only 38.2% of the study participants had ever\u2010performed BSE. Participants' knowledge, education, previous family history of breast cancer, and personal history of benign breast tumors are significant socio\u2010demographic predictors of BSE behavior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Also, the higher threats appraisal, reward appraisal, and efficacy appraisal increased the participants' probability of practicing BSE (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) compared to a low level as references based on binary logistic regression results. In addition, low response cost was another predictor for BSE behavior compared with higher levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants' knowledge, education, previous family history of breast cancer, and the PMT constructs (threats appraisal, reward appraisal, efficacy appraisal, and response cost) were significant predictors of BSE behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1655208230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Predictors of breast self\u2010examination behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0873-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awad M.","family":"Al\u2010Qahtani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department College of Medicine, Najran University, KSA  Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6469-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College Najran University, KSA  Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2866-3119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wafaa T.","family":"Elgzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College Najran University, KSA  Najran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/apjcp.2016.17.3.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202112_27416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/ejbh.2019.4537"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-015-0087-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Didarloo A. 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