{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:40:03Z","timestamp":1789843203256,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020181","name":"Japanese Society of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Japan Journal Nursing Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence (UI) is recommended in combination with biofeedback to visualize pelvic floor muscles. The focus is on non\u2010invasive hand\u2010held ultrasound (US) measurement methods for PFMT, which can be performed at home. Recently, self\u2010performed US measurements in which the patient applies the US to themself have gradually spreading. This study aimed to develop an educational program for the biofeedback method using self\u2010performed US and to evaluate its feasibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was an observational study. The ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was utilized to create an e\u2010learning program for women aged \u226540\u2009years with UI. Participants self\u2010performed bladder US via e\u2010learning, using a hand\u2010held US device with a convex probe. The primary outcome was the number of times the bladder area was successfully extracted using an existing automatic bladder area extraction system. The secondary outcome was the total score of the technical evaluation of the self\u2010performed US, which was evaluated across three proficiency levels. Descriptive statistics were conducted for participant characteristics, presenting categorical variables as percentages and continuous variables as means \u00b1 <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 11 participants with a mean age of 56.2\u2009years. Nine participants were able to record US videos, and two were unable to record bladder videos. Regarding the technical evaluation scores, all participants scored \u226580%; four had perfect scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study showed that transabdominal self\u2010performed bladder US can be performed in 81.8% of women with UI in their 40\u201360s by using an e\u2010learning program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T04:29:55Z","timestamp":1718598595000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an e\u2010learning program for biofeedback in pelvic floor muscle training for adult women using self\u2010performed ultrasound: An observational study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9692-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miyako","family":"Muta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing \/ Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5724-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing \/ Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0170-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nao","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama City University  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-1251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sanada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University  Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9650-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gojiro","family":"Nakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontological Nursing \/ Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1523422306292942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2004.tb00932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0977-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93283-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Correlation between follicle dimensions recorded by patients at home (SOET) versus ultrasound performed by professional care providers","volume":"9","author":"Dalewyn L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920170059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of transabdominal ultrasound biofeedback for pelvic floor muscle training in older women with urinary incontinence","volume":"19","author":"Galea M. 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