{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:10:10Z","timestamp":1788365410461,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Japan Journal Nursing Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caregivers in home care settings may experience significant physical, emotional, and financial burdens in providing toileting assistance. However, few studies have evaluated these three aspects of caregiver burden. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physical, emotional, and financial burdens of toileting assistance and examine the factors associated with each burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A self\u2010administered postal questionnaire was distributed to 405 family caregivers of older adults receiving home care and subsidies for incontinence products in Japan in 2019. Family caregivers answered questions about toileting assistance, the perceived physical, emotional, and financial burdens of providing toileting assistance at home, and the urinary\/fecal symptoms of older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 242 family caregivers who reported each burden, 213 (88%) had experienced at least one physical, emotional, or financial burden. The prevalence of physical, emotional, and financial burdens was 77.3%, 78.1%, and 70.7%, respectively. Approximately 60% of respondents reported experiencing all three burdens. Physical burden was associated with spouses acting as primary caregivers, nocturia, fecal incontinence, and the odor of urine\/feces from toileting assistance. Emotional burden was associated with nighttime assistance, urinary\/fecal leakage from absorbent incontinence products, and the odor of urine\/feces. Financial burden was associated with frequent assistance, disposal costs of absorbent incontinence products, and the degree of toileting assistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results revealed a high prevalence of the three burdens of toileting assistance among family caregivers, suggesting the need to assess these burdens. Furthermore, they suggested the importance of providing guidance to family members, which may help reduce these burdens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T01:34:30Z","timestamp":1723599270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Physical, emotional, and financial burdens of toileting assistance for family caregivers in home care settings and factors associated with each burden: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0687-5089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miho","family":"Shogenji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3495-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikako","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's Health Nursing &amp; Midwifery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longevity Care Division, Komatsu City Hall  Komatsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hirako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Establishment Preparation Office for The Faculty of Interdisciplinary Economics Kinjo University  Hakusan Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Cabinet Office. (2022).Report on the ageing society.https:\/\/www8.cao.go.jp\/kourei\/whitepaper\/w-2022\/html\/zenbun\/s1_2_2.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0367-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02858-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14442\/generalist.33.256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15171"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Factors of caregiver burden related with incontinence of the dependent elderly at home","volume":"15","author":"Kikuchi Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bulletin of International University of Health and Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. (2010).Health and social statistics definitions.https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/database\/db\u2010hss\/dl\/siel\u20102010\u201004.pdf(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. (2019).Summary of the national survey on living standards.https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/toukei\/saikin\/hw\/k-tyosa\/k-tyosa19\/dl\/05.pdf(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32216\/hirosakiigaku.69.1-4_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2012.v6.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Medical statistics for use today","author":"Shintani A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2526-8910.ctoao243631692Siu"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2007.00588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2014.899976"},{"issue":"518","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","first-page":"696","article-title":"Clinical and cost\u2010effectiveness of a new nurse\u2010led continence service: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Williams K. S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13971"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649"}],"container-title":["Japan Journal of Nursing Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jjns.12615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T02:21:58Z","timestamp":1727835718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jjns.12615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jjns.12615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jjns.12615","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-7932","1742-7924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-7932","type":"print"},{"value":"1742-7924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12615"}}