{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:16:12Z","timestamp":1791299772709,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of professional tooth whitening agents containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (with and without laser activation), on the enamel surface; and the potential of four different toothpastes to remineralize any alterations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The study was performed on 50 human molars, divided in two groups: treated with Opalescence<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Boost and Mirawhite<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Laser Bleaching. Furthermore, each group was divided into five subgroups, a control one and 4 subgroups remineralized with: Mirasensitive<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> hap+, Mirawhite<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Gelle\u0450, GC Tooth Mousse\u2122 and Mirafluor<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> C. The samples were analysed by SEM\/3D\u2010SEM\u2010micrographs, SEM\/EDX\u2010qualitative analysis and SEM\/EDX\u2010semiquantitative analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The microphotographs show that both types of bleaching cause alterations: emphasized perikymata, erosions, loss of interprizmatic substance; the laser treatment is more aggressive and loss of integrity of the enamel is determined by shearing off the enamel rods. In all samples undergoing remineralization deposits were observed, those of toothpastes based on calcium phosphate technologies seem to merge with each other and cover almost the entire surface of the enamel. Loss of integrity and minerals were detected only in the line\u2010scans of the sample remineralized with GC Tooth Mousse\u2122. The semiquantitative EDX analysis of individual elements in the surface layer of the enamel indicates that during tooth\u2010bleaching with HP statistically significant loss of Na and Mg occurs, whereas the bleaching in combination with a laser leads to statistically significant loss of Ca and P.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results undoubtedly confirm that teeth whitening procedures lead to enamel alterations. In this context, it must be noted that laser bleaching is more aggressive for dental substances. However, these changes are reversible and can be repaired by application of remineralization toothpastes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T11:26:48Z","timestamp":1450697208000},"page":"232-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"EMILIJA","family":"COCESKA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine University \u2018Ss Cyril and Methodius\u2019 Skopje  Skopje Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ELIZABETA","family":"GJORGIEVSKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine University \u2018Ss Cyril and Methodius\u2019 Skopje  Skopje Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NICHOLA J.","family":"COLEMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich  Chatham Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DRAGANA","family":"GABRIC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IAN J.","family":"SLIPPER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich  Chatham Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARIJA","family":"STEVANOVIC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine University \u2018Ss Cyril and Methodius\u2019 Skopje  Skopje Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOHN W.","family":"NICHOLSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's University  Twickenham London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820250808"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17126\/joralres.2013.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90600-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Potential for dentifrice protection against enamel erosion in an in vitro model","volume":"41","author":"Burwell A.K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:1<46::AID-LSM11>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(93)90239-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"A preliminary study of enamel remineralization by dentifrices based on Recaldent\u2122 (CPP\u2010ACP) and NovaMin\u00ae (calcium\u2010sodium\u2010 phosphosilicate)","volume":"23","author":"Gjorgievska E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. 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