{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:38:20Z","timestamp":1760985500066},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010resolution imaging of middle\u2010ear geometry is necessary for finite\u2010element modeling. Although micro\u2010computed tomography (microCT) is widely used because of its ability to image bony structures of the middle ear, it is difficult to visualize soft tissues \u2013 including the tympanic membrane and the suspensory ligaments\/tendons \u2013 because of lack of contrast. The objective of this research is to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of iodine potassium iodide (IKI) solution as a contrast agent. Six human temporal bones were used in this experiment, which were obtained in right\u2010left pairs, from three cadaveric heads. All bones were fixed using formaldehyde. Three bones (one from each pair) were stained in IKI solution for 2 days, whereas the other three were not stained. Samples were scanned using a microCT system at a resolution of 20 \u03bcm. Eight soft tissues in the middle ear were segmented: anterior mallear ligament, incudomallear joint, lateral mallear ligament, posterior incudal ligament, stapedial annular ligament, stapedius muscle, tympanic membrane and tensor tympani muscle. Contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratios (CNRs) of each soft tissue were calculated for each temporal bone. Combined CNRs of the soft tissues in unstained samples were 6.1 \u00b1 3.0, whereas they were 8.1 \u00b1 2.7 in stained samples. Results from Welch's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test indicate significant difference between the two groups at a 95% confidence interval. Results for paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests for each of the individual soft tissues also indicated significant improvement of contrast in all tissues after staining. Relatively large soft tissues in the middle ear such as the tympanic membrane and the tensor tympani muscle were impacted by staining more than smaller tissues such as the stapedial annular ligament. The increase in contrast with IKI solution confirms its potential application in automatic segmentation of the middle\u2010ear soft tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T11:43:23Z","timestamp":1469101403000},"page":"334-338","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Iodine potassium iodide improves the contrast\u2010to\u2010noise ratio of micro\u2010computed tomography images of the human middle ear"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"264","author":[{"given":"S.A.","family":"ROHANI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"GHOMASHCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"UMOH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Research Laboratories Robarts Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.W.","family":"HOLDSWORTH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Imaging Research Laboratories Robarts Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"AGRAWAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.M.","family":"LADAK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Imaging Research Laboratories Robarts Research Institute  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery Western University  London Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering Western University  London Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging","author":"Bushberg J.T.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927614001329"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0281-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2001.19393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-006-0055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.1.000612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2012.723700"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ABME.0000030260.22737.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3056564"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Computer aided design for three\u2010dimensional visualization and modeling of middle ear biomechanics","volume":"18","author":"Lee C.L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med. 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