{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:25:26Z","timestamp":1789676726667,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSK Case Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSK Case Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/P510610\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P510610\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Artificial teeth have several advantages in preclinical training. The aim of this study is to three\u2010dimensionally (3D) print accurate artificial teeth using scans from X\u2010ray microtomography (XMT). Extracted and artificial teeth were imaged at 90 kV and 40 kV, respectively, to create detailed high contrast scans. The dataset was visualised to produce internal and external meshes subsequently exported to 3D modelling software for modification before finally sending to a slicing program for printing. After appropriate parameter setting, the printer deposited material in specific locations layer by layer, to create a 3D physical model. Scans were manipulated to ensure a clean model was imported into the slicing software, where layer height replicated the high spatial resolution that was observed in the XMT scans. The model was then printed in two different materials (polylactic acid and thermoplastic elastomer). A multimaterial print was created to show the different physical characteristics between enamel and dentine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay Description<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trainee dentists practice procedures using artificial teeth that are far from real teeth. Using x\u2010rays and 3D printing technology the project will recreate a real tooth, artificially.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>X\u2010rays produce a 3D image that can be printed out as a physical replica, after several conversions of files. Different settings can be used to allow the printed model, to be as accurate as possible. Data were collected on the forces from a dental drill on a tooth's surface, to measure hardness and resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple teeth replicas were printed with a high accuracy. The materials printed did not mimic actual tooth properties, but using the data from real teeth, materials can be tested in future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T20:02:30Z","timestamp":1530216150000},"page":"207-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Approaches to 3D printing teeth from X\u2010ray microtomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0989-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.J.","family":"CRESSWELL\u2010BOYES","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Francis Bancroft Building Queen Mary University of London  London E1 4NS U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"BARBER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering London South Bank University  London SE1 0AA U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"MILLS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Francis Bancroft Building Queen Mary University of London  London E1 4NS U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"TATLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline St George's Avenue  Weybridge KT13 0DE U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-032X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.R.","family":"DAVIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Francis Bancroft Building Queen Mary University of London  London E1 4NS U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eje.12223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2016.05.020"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"High definition x\u2010ray microtomography using a conventional impact x\u2010ray source","volume":"104","author":"Davis G.R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. IV (Proc.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0579.1997.tb00013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1991.tb00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.1.000612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Landry T.(2016)Extruders 101: a crash course on an essential component of your 3D printer. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.matterhackers.com\/articles\/extruders-101:-a-crash-course-on-an-essential-component-of-your-3d-printer accessed January 20 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000750"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572008000100009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40472-016-0088-7"},{"issue":"1021","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphological and mechanical biomimetic bone structures","volume":"10","author":"Parwani R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. 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