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In the CPM device, the cross\u2010polarised detection approach is used to reduce the specular reflection from the skin surface and preferentially detect multiply\u2010scattered light. The multiply\u2010scattered light works as back illumination from within the tissue towards the skin surface, and superficial pigment such as intraepidermal melanin absorbs some spectral bands of the multiply\u2010scattered light and cast coloured shadows. Since the light that interacted with the superficial pigment only needs to travel a short distance before it exits the skin surface, microscopic details of the pigment can be preserved. The CPM device uses a water\u2010immersion objective lens with a high numerical aperture to image the microscopic details with minimal spherical aberrations and a small depth of focus. Preliminary results from a pilot study of imaging skin lesions in vivo showed that the CPM device could reveal three\u2010dimensional distribution of pigmented cells and intracellular distribution of pigment. Co\u2010registered CPM and reflectance confocal microscopy images showed good correspondence between dark, brown cells in CPM images and bright, melanin\u2010containing cells in reflectance confocal microscopy images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T09:33:47Z","timestamp":1694511227000},"page":"47-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Handheld cross\u2010polarised microscope for imaging individual pigmented cells in human skin in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"292","author":[{"given":"Rafael","family":"Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaney","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology College of Medicine\u2010Tucson, University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoka","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties Alcal\u00e1 University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6035-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Curiel\u2010Lewandrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology College of Medicine\u2010Tucson, University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona United\u00a0States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5063-5387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongkyun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"},{"name":"College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/mmt.14.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2017.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.07.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12606215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1301a30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.10.106007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","article-title":"In vivo dual\u2010mode full\u2010field optical coherence tomography for differentiation of types of melanocytic nevi","volume":"26","author":"Tsai M. 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