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Testing this system showed that it had sufficient sensitivity to determine the physical processes occurring in a cryopreserved sample such as intra\u2010 and extracellular water crystallisation and salt eutectic. Utilising this system, we investigated the mechanisms of cryoprotection and cryodamage of testis interstitial cells (ICs) in cryoprotective media, which included cryoprotective agents such as dimethyl sulphoxide (Me<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO), as well as foetal bovine serum or polymers (dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and polyethylene glycol). It was shown that a serum\u2010\/xeno\u2010free medium that included 0.7\u00a0M Me<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO and 100\u00a0mg\/mL dextran was able to reduce intracellular water crystallisation in cells, change the structure of extracellular ice, and reduce salt eutectic and recrystallisation. All these effects correlated with better IC survival after cryopreservation in the medium. This medium is potentially less toxic as it has lower concentrations of Me<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO compared to serum\u2010containing media developed for cryopreservation of testicular cells. This would pave a way for the creation of nontoxic serum\u2010free compositions that does not require removal before use of cryopreserved living cells for laboratory practice or in clinics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T08:40:52Z","timestamp":1702543252000},"page":"71-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Open\u2010source hardware\u2010 and software\u2010based cryomicroscopy system for investigation of phase transitions in cryobiological research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7494-654X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Pakhomov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cryoendocrinology Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine  Kharkiv 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