{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T05:09:26Z","timestamp":1715922566693},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\u201005082S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\u201005082S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microscopy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both copper and lithium act as strong fluxes and lower the temperature of the clinker melt formation. Sulphur promotes the stabilisation of more hydraulically active modification of alite M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>. It is expected that this combination could produce an alite clinker at significantly lower temperatures with high quality technological parameters. In this paper, the effect of combined oxides of copper, lithium and sulphur addition on the phase composition and clinker structure of Portland cement was investigated. The reference raw meal was prepared from common cement raw materials. Each of the mentioned oxides was added to the reference raw meal in two different concentrations, and 8 combinations were prepared. Chemically pure compounds (NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, CuO and Li<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> were used as a source of these oxides. The raw meals were burned to equilibrium at 1450\u00b0C. Their phase composition was determined by X\u2010ray diffraction analysis, the microstructure was monitored by optical microscopy, and the microchemistry of the clinker phases was observed by electron microscopy with EDS analysis. It was found that in samples with high lithium or copper content, there is an increase in belite and free lime at the expense of alite. The combination of Cu + Li has the most negative effect, followed by Li alone and Cu alone. The higher SO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> content slightly offsets this negative effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T10:29:38Z","timestamp":1711967378000},"page":"225-232","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effect of the combined addition of copper, lithium and sulphur on the formation of Portland cement clinker"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Theodor","family":"Stan\u011bk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Binder systems Research Institute for Building Materials  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Rybov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binder systems Research Institute for Building Materials  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Boh\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Binder systems Research Institute for Building Materials  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Barton\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Palov\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry Brno University of Technology  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Alitbildung in zusammengesetzen oxid\u2010salz\u2010schmelzen","volume":"37","author":"Osokin A. 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C.(1992).Lithium as intensifier in the formation of C2S phase.Proc. 9th ICCC Delhi India 406\u2013412."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Stan\u011bk T. Rybov\u00e1 A. Zezulov\u00e1 A. &Boh\u00e1\u010d M.(2018).Properties of cement with increased lithium content. Proceedings of SynerCrete\u201918 International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches for Cement\u2010based Materials and Structural Concrete. 24\u201326 October Funchal Portugal RILEM Proceedings PRO 121 Paris \u2013 France Volume 1.297\u2013302."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.955.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8846(96)00143-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-8842(00)00064-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11595-005-1056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stan\u011bk T. Krej\u010d\u00ed Kotl\u00e1nov\u00e1 M. Zezulov\u00e1 A. Khongov\u00e1 I. Boh\u00e1\u010d M. &Dzurov M.(2021).Formation of clinker containing copper. CIGOS 2021 Emerging Technologies and Applications for Green Infrastructure. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Geotechnics Civil Engineering Works and Structures. 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