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Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy is a label\u2010free imaging technique well suited to visualise weak optical phase objects such as cells and tissue. This study aims to compare stromal collagen fibre characteristics between in situ and invasive breast tumours using DIC microscopy and investigate the prognostic value of collagen parameters in BC. A tissue microarray was generated from 200 cases, comprising ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100) and invasive tumours (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100) with an extra 50 (25 invasive BC and 25 DCIS) cases for validation was utilised. Two sections per case were used: one stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) stain for histological review and one unstained for examination using DIC microscopy. Collagen fibre parameters including orientation angle, fibre alignment, fibre density, fibre width, fibre length and fibre straightness were measured. Collagen fibre density was higher in the stroma of invasive BC (161.68\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.2\u00a0fibre\/\u00b5m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) compared to DCIS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The collagen fibres were thinner (13.78\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.08\u00a0\u00b5m), straighter (0.96\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.006, on a scale of 0\u20131), more disorganised (95.07\u00b0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a011.39\u00b0) and less aligned (0.20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09, on a 0\u20131 scale) in the invasive BC compared to DCIS (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). A model considering these features was developed that could distinguish between DCIS and invasive tumours with 94% accuracy. There were strong correlations between fibre characteristics and clinicopathological parameters in both groups. A statistically significant association between fibre characteristics and patients\u2019 outcomes (breast cancer specific survival, and recurrence free survival) was observed in the invasive group but not in DCIS. Although invasive BC and DCIS were both associated with stromal reaction, the structural features of collagen fibres were significantly different in the two disease stages. Analysis of the stroma fibre characteristics in the preoperative core biopsy specimen may help to differentiate pure DCIS from those associated with invasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T07:01:16Z","timestamp":1727938876000},"page":"135-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"297","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4171-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzan F.","family":"Ghannam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Histology and Cell Biology Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"},{"name":"Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrin Sian","family":"Rutland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Allegrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa L.","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Photonics Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Alsaleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Medical Science Applied College Qassim University  Qassim Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Bateman\u2010Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Photonics Research Group Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8318-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodhan","family":"Patke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham University Park  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Technology Research Centre Anglia Ruskin University  Chelmsford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel P.","family":"Mongan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences School of Medicine University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Cellular Pathology Department Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Pathology Department Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2022.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000507055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neophytou C. 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