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Recurrent inflammation in RT may induce collagen remodelling through excess extracellular matrix deposition. Here, we used label\u2010free second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to quantify the area fraction of the ratio of forward\u2010to\u2010backward SHG signals in palatine tonsils from RT and OSA patients. The ratio of forward\u2010to\u2010backward SHG signals showed a higher mean area fraction in OSA when compared to RT, agreeing with trends previously found using immunohistochemical staining methods; however, no statistical significance was found. Spatial analysis of epithelial dominant regions and interior regions of tissue show higher forward\/backward SHG signal in OSA rather than RT; however, no statistical significance was found in either measurement. These results demonstrate a new method of using SHG microscopy to measure collagen distribution within palatine tonsils of OSA and RT<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:39:43Z","timestamp":1780493983000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing mature and immature collagen in tonsillar tissue using second harmonic generation microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8537-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kay","family":"Polland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics SUPA, University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Clapperton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics SUPA, University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thushitha","family":"Kunanandam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Royal Hospital for Children  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina D","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Royal Hospital for Children  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona M","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gail","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"0503","article-title":"Tonsillitis","volume":"2009","author":"Georgalas C. 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