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We present a novel automated approach using the total intensity image as an input to a U\u2010Net architecture of Convolutional Neural Network with a pretrained ResNet\u201034 encoder for image segmentation. The network was trained on limited\u2010size annotated dataset to distinguish four classes in the images of thin sections\u00a0of murine uterine cervix: background, internal os, cervical tissue, and vaginal wall. With only 74 manually annotated images in total (51 used for model training), the model achieved 90.22% pixel accuracy on the held\u2010out test dataset. This framework requires minimal data pre\u2010processing and is readily extensible to other tissue types, with publicly available graphical annotation tools for practical\u00a0deployment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.70162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:13:20Z","timestamp":1788189200000},"page":"15-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microscopy image segmentation using a fine\u2010tuned machine learning model with limited training dataset"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Sooyong","family":"Chae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LPICM CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8364-1263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani","family":"Giammattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Ajmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhu","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tananant","family":"Boonya\u2010ananta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Ramella\u2010Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9048-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Novikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPICM CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Palaiseau France"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Florida International University Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40766-023-00046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.439529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.421394"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jeos\/2022011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.473095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.25.1.015002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.21.7.071112"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Group theory and polarisation algebra","volume":"75","author":"Cloude S. 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