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Shark Bay (Western Australia) stromatolitic microbial mats provide such a habitat, containing subsurface cyanobacterial communities in which chlorophyll\n                    <jats:italic>d\/f<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Chl\n                    <jats:italic>d\/f<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010containing phototrophs coexist with filamentous\n                    <jats:italic>Halomicronema<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010like taxa adapted to far\u2010red photosynthesis. In this\n                    <jats:italic>Journal of Microscopy<\/jats:italic>\n                    issue honouring Associate Professor Guy C. Cox, we used FRL\u2010sensitive confocal imaging to visualise far\u2010red cyanobacteria in intact Shark Bay mat samples, and combined microspectroscopy, lifetime microscopy, HPLC pigment analysis and synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy to examine pigment organisation and FRL acclimation in cultured\n                    <jats:italic>Halomicronema<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. \u2018Clifton\u2019. Confocal imaging with near\u2010infrared\u2010sensitive detection revealed abundant far\u2010red fluorescent cyanobacteria within subsurface mat layers and enabled direct visualisation of Chl\n                    <jats:italic>d\/f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010containing phototrophs in situ. In cultured\n                    <jats:italic>Halomicronema<\/jats:italic>\n                    , HPLC confirmed that Chl\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    accumulation was induced by FRL acclimation and absent under white light, validating assignment of the dominant 730\u2013745\u00a0nm emission in FRL\u2010grown cells to Chl\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010enriched photosystems. Intracellular excitation\u2013emission mapping showed that FRL acclimation did not produce complete pigment segregation, but generated a pronounced intracellular pigment gradient, with Chl\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010associated fluorescence enriched in mid\u2010cell regions and phycobiliprotein\u2010 and chlorophyll\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Chl\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2010associated fluorescence enriched at cell poles. FLIM and phasor analyses showed that this spatial reorganisation was accompanied by altered excited\u2010state behaviour, including strongest lifetime shortening in Chl\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010associated channel, additional shortening in the far\u2010red chlorophyll\u2010enriched channel and increased heterogeneity of PC\/APC\u2010associated fluorescence. The absence of a distinct Chl\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010only lifetime population indicates that Chl\n                    <jats:italic>f<\/jats:italic>\n                    remains functionally integrated within coupled photosynthetic complexes rather than acting as an isolated fluorescent sink. By linking optical stratification and far\u2010red cyanobacterial diversity within Shark Bay microbial mats to pigment organisation and fluorescence dynamics in living\n                    <jats:italic>Halomicronema<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells, this study extends Guy Cox's microscopy\u2010based exploration of photosynthetic microorganisms and demonstrates the power of modern spectral confocal microscopy for investigating photosynthesis at the far\u2010red edge of oxygenic life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.70174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:36:41Z","timestamp":1790779001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near\u2010infrared confocal imaging reveals the spatial organisation of far\u2010red photosynthesis in Shark Bay microbial mats and\n                    <i>Halomicronema<\/i>\n                    sp."],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anya","family":"Salih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney  Broadway New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Fluoresci Research Cogra Bay  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-0694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherina","family":"Petrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney  Broadway New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Macmillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Kindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Astrobiology University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan P.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unnikrishnan","family":"Kuzhiumparambil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Change Cluster (C3) University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2962-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony W. 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