{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T07:34:15Z","timestamp":1697441655331},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]],"date-time":"2014-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC","award":["Y1-A1-0681-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1-A1-0681-02"]}]},{"name":"NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal sexually transmitted infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s) may increase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility in men who have sex with men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>), and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> is prevalent among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>. To study <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>, we first evaluated whether cynomolgus macaques can sustain both <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>SF162p3<\/jats:sub> infections<jats:sub>.<\/jats:sub><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>SF162p3<\/jats:sub>\u2010positive male cynomolgus macaques were used (n\u00a0=\u00a03 rectally inoculated with 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFU<\/jats:styled-content>; n\u00a0=\u00a01 control). Systemic and rectal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels and cytokines were measured by real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>uminex assays, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macaques were successfully <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hlamydia<\/jats:italic> infected. Rectal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> shedding (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02 <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and levels of G\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101ra, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney) in rectal secretions increased following infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These pilot data successfully demonstrate rectal <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> coinfection in cynomolgus macaques and suggest the feasibility of a rectal <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>.\u00a0trachomatis<\/jats:italic> model for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility and biomedical prevention studies in the context of rectal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STI<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]],"date-time":"2014-01-25T07:47:40Z","timestamp":1390636060000},"page":"135-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of 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