{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T09:45:17Z","timestamp":1696239917688},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC","award":["Y1-A1-0681-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1-A1-0681-02"]}]},{"name":"NIH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injectable hormonal contraception may increase women's risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> acquisition and can affect biological risk factors in animal models of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>. We established, for the first time, a model to investigate whether combined oral contraceptives (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>) alter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility in macaques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven pigtail macaques were administered a monophasic levonorgestrel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNG<\/jats:styled-content>)\/ethinyl estradiol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> at 33% or 66% of the human dose for 60\u00a0days. Menstrual cycling, vaginal epithelial thickness, and other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility factors were monitored for a mean of 18\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean vaginal epithelial thicknesses were 290.8\u00a0\u03bcm at baseline and 186.2\u00a0\u03bcm during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0141, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ann\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>hitney <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2010test). Vaginal p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> decreased from 8.5 during treatment to 6.5 post\u2010treatment (0.0176 two\u2010tailed <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test). Measured microflora was unchanged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content> caused thinning of the vaginal epithelium and vaginal p<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content> changes, which may increase <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIV<\/jats:styled-content> susceptibility. 0.033\u00a0mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNG<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0.0066\u00a0mg <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EE<\/jats:styled-content> appeared effective in suppressing ovulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,23]],"date-time":"2014-12-23T12:52:19Z","timestamp":1419339139000},"page":"97-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A combined oral contraceptive affects mucosal <scp>SHIV<\/scp> susceptibility factors in a pigtail macaque <i>(Macaca nemestrina)<\/i> model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Dietz Ostergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Branch Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Branch Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV\/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Prevention CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana M.","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Branch Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Branch Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases CDC Atlanta GA 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