{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T04:03:30Z","timestamp":1748837010449,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An established macaque model to assess<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>interventions against penile transmission is currently not available. Physiological changes during penile erections may affect susceptibility to infection and drug pharmacokinetics (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>). Here, we identify methods to establish erections in macaques to evaluate penile transmission,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>, and efficacy under physiologic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Penile rigidity and length were evaluated in eight rhesus macaques following rectal electrostimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RES<\/jats:styled-content>), vibratory stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VS<\/jats:styled-content>), or pharmacological treatment with Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) or Alprostadil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal electrostimulation treatment increased penile rigidity (&gt;82%) and length (2.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.58\u00a0cm), albeit the response was transient. In contrast,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VS<\/jats:styled-content>alone or coupled with Viagra or Alprostadil failed to elicit an erection response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal electrostimulation treatment elicits transient but consistent penile erections in macaques. High rigidity following<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RES<\/jats:styled-content>treatment demonstrates increased blood flow and may provide a functional model for penile<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>evaluations and possibly simian immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SIV<\/jats:styled-content>) transmission under erect conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T11:35:49Z","timestamp":1453116949000},"page":"34-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of penile erection methods in rhesus macaques to model pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and penile infection with simian immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Branch Division of Scientific Resources 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