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We report a case of true hermaphroditism in a 19\u2010year\u2010old, nulliparous, female baboon (<jats:italic>Papio<\/jats:italic> spp.). At necropsy, the animal was obese with adequate muscle mass and hydration. Reproductive organs appeared normal with the exception of 2 firm nodular structures in the myometrium (1\u20101.5\u00a0cm diameter) and a thickened, dark endocervical mucosa. Histologically, both gonads were ovotestes and contained discrete areas of ovarian and testicular tissue. There were follicles in various stages of development surrounded by ovarian stroma. Other areas contained hypoplastic seminiferous tubules lined by Sertoli cells, but lacked germ cells and spermatozoa. The uterine lesions were consistent with adenomyosis and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. Cervical lesions were consistent with atypical glandular hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia with dysplasia. We report the first case of ovotesticular disorder of sexual development (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSD<\/jats:styled-content>), or true hermaphroditism in a baboon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,5]],"date-time":"2018-03-05T09:18:37Z","timestamp":1520241517000},"page":"192-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A case report of ovotesticular disorder of sex development (<scp>OT<\/scp>\u2010<scp>DSD<\/scp>) in a baboon (<i>Papio<\/i> spp.) and a brief review of the non\u2010human primate literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Perminov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center Texas Biomedical Research Institute  San Antonio TX USA"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Western University of Health Sciences  Pomona CA 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