{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:25:59Z","timestamp":1776702359940,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 OD011089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 OD011089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage accompanies several common diseases of rhesus macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca mulatta<\/jats:italic>). Guaiac fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) is a non\u2010invasive means to detect such bleeding in several species; however, there are currently no data indicating reliability of this test to detect GI hemorrhage in macaques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of gFOBT to detect simulated and biopsy\u2010associated bleeding in the stomach, duodenum, and colon of 15 rhesus macaques. Fecal samples were analyzed via gFOBT for 72\u00a0hours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guaiac fecal occult blood testing was more sensitive to detect lower vs upper GI bleeding; sensitivity was volume\u2010dependent in the upper GI tract. Single\u2010test specificity was 95.2%. Repeated fecal collections increased gFOBT sensitivity without affecting specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guaiac fecal occult blood testing is a useful screening test for both upper and lower GI bleeding in rhesus macaques. For highest sensitivity, gFOBT should be performed on three fecal samples collected 24\u00a0hours apart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1572594533000},"page":"16-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the guaiac fecal occult blood test for detection of gastrointestinal bleeding in the rhesus macaque (<i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6946-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Elizabeth","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric Kenneth","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica Marie","family":"Izzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:1<19::AID-AJP2>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815620628"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"540","article-title":"Spontaneous intestinal adenocarcinoma in geriatric macaques (Macaca sp.)","volume":"50","author":"Valverde CR","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the ileocolic junction and multifocal hepatic sarcomas in an aged rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"63","author":"Lang CD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201907s08"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"734","article-title":"Shigellosis in nonhuman primates: a review","volume":"21","author":"Mulder JB","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.12.3947-3953.1990","article-title":"Experimental infection of pig\u2010tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) with Campylobacter cinaedi and Campylobacter fennelliae","volume":"58","author":"Flores BM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-013-0333-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588902600415"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"262","article-title":"Diagnosis of amyloidosis and differentiation from chronic, idiopathic enterocolitis in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and pig\u2010tailed (M. nemestrina) macaques","volume":"63","author":"Rice KA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01076165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(81)80015-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.7.1799-1804.1994","article-title":"Characterization and presumptive identification of Helicobacter pylori isolates from rhesus monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Drazek ES","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.8.2885-2891.1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Gastric shigellosis in rhesus monkeys","volume":"51","author":"Kent TH","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.168"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"2499","article-title":"Who, Omed. 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