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Serum iron levels were significantly lower in obese (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) and T2D (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01)) compared with normal NHP. Obese NHPs also had significantly higher hemoglobin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and red blood cell count (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) than normal weight NHPs, thus not related to anemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iron deficiency with increased hemoglobin and red blood cells was significantly associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Iron deficiency does not cause and is not related to anemia in obese and T2D NHPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T05:38:49Z","timestamp":1646113129000},"page":"165-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Iron deficiency, but not anemia, is identified in naturally occurring obesity and insulin resistance in male nonhuman primates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uddhav K.","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Obesity Diabetes and Aging Research Center Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida  Tampa Florida USA"},{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR\u2010NIRRCH)  Mumbai 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