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It is not yet established whether these benefits are maintained after intrafacility transfer and domestic quarantine, which are two stressors that can lead to behavioral and clinical abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated 40 adolescent male rhesus macaques who were single\u2010 or pair\u2010housed immediately following an intrafacility transfer. We measured behavior, fecal cortisol, body weight, and diarrhea occurrence. Body weight and diarrhea occurrence were also retrospectively analyzed in an additional 120 adolescent rhesus who underwent a similar transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pair\u2010housed macaques exhibited less of some undesirable behaviors (e.g., self\u2010clasping) and experienced less diarrhea than single\u2010housed subjects; however, no significant differences in cortisol levels or alopecia measures were found. The demonstrated beneficial effects of pair housing for rhesus macaques following intrafacility transfer and adjustment suggest pairing upon arrival at a new facility will bolster animal welfare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T11:23:37Z","timestamp":1675682617000},"page":"108-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of pair housing on behavior, cortisol, and clinical outcomes during quarantine\u2010like procedures for rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3356-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina N.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Truelove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Management Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Management Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiandong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Core Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene\u00e9 H.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Core Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce K.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Resources Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bloomsmith","family":"Mollie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Management Emory National Primate Research Center  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"Council NR","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.47.4.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Animal Welfare Regulations 9 CFR \u00a71.1\u2010\u00a74.11.2013.","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/da.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.49.2.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Making Lives Easier for Animals in Research Labs","author":"Baumans V","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Non\u2010human Primate Accommodation, Care and Use","author":"NC3Rs","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1145595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367797780596167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.47.4.294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2005.00116.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.15-0502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22528"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"856","article-title":"Pair housing of macaques in research facilities: a science\u2010based review of benefits and risks","volume":"50","author":"DiVincenti L","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)40:3<247::AID-AJP3>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.10075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Social Housing for Nonhuman Primates Used in Biomedical or Behavioral Research in the United States. 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