{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:37:47Z","timestamp":1753879067381,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonhuman primates are widely used in transplantation research as preclinical xeno\u2010 or allo\u2010transplantation models. Rabbit anti\u2010thymoglobulin (ATG) is often used for T\u2010cell depletion as an immunosuppressant. T\u2010cell depletion can cause a secondary cytokine storm syndrome that can be minimized\/prevented by a prophylactic administration of systemic corticosteroids and antihistamines. We report a case of death due to CSS in a cynomolgus monkey with follicular hyperplasia\u2013induced systemic lymphadenopathy after ATG administration. A 6\u2010year\u2010old female cynomolgus monkey was rendered diabetic and then transplanted with a genetically modified porcine pancreatic islets (PPI) (50\u2009000 IEQ\/kg) through the portal vein 22\u2009days later without immunosuppressant. Because graft function was not comparable, we planned re\u2010transplantation of PPI. For re\u2010transplantation of the PPI, we performed an intravenous (IV) ATG infusion for inductive immunosuppression. The monkey died 3\u2009h and 30\u2009min after ATG administration despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Systemic lymphadenopathy was observed on submandibular, axillary, inguinal, foregut, colic, and hilar lymph nodes, and splenomegaly was also observed on necropsy. Histopathologic examination of the lymph node revealed follicular hyperplasia. The IL\u20106 level was higher after ATG infusion compared to before ATG infusion (before vs. after ATG infusion; 14.9 vs. &gt;5000\u2009pg\/mL). The death of the cynomolgus monkey was caused by severe CSS because of apoptosis of B cells in the systemic lymph nodes caused by the ATG administration. A thorough physical examination of palpable lymph nodes and pre\u2010ATG sonographic or computed tomographic screening could have identified lymphadenopathy, potentially preventing its infusion and reducing mortality risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T04:50:00Z","timestamp":1697604600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytokine storm syndrome after anti\u2010thymoglobulin infusion in a cynomolgus monkey with systemic lymphadenopathy caused by follicular hyperplasia: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chang Gok","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Chungbuk National University College of Medicine  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0906-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Transplantation Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health Cheongju University College of Health and Medical Sciences  Cheongju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.176"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Primatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jmp.12680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T03:27:43Z","timestamp":1709004463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jmp.12680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jmp.12680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmp.12680","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2565","1600-0684"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0047-2565"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0684"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12680"}}